Clinical evaluation of the 3M Littmann Electronic Stethoscope Model 3200 in 150 cats

Blass, Keith Andrew; Schober, Karsten E.; Bonagura, John D.; Scansen, Brian A.; Visser, Lance C.; Lu, Jennifer E.; Smith, D. A.; Ward, Jessica

doi:10.1177/1098612x13485480

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, it was an animal study using a different brand of electronic stethoscopes. Another recent study has concluded that digital recordings made with electronic stethoscopes are less sensitive but comparably specific to the conventional stethoscopes at detecting abnormal heart sounds in cats [16]. Despite a different methodology being employed compared to ours, the same brand of stethoscopes was used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Electronic and Traditional Stethoscopes in the Heart Auscultation of Obese Patients

et al. 2019

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Background and objectives: As the prevalence of obesity is increasing in a population, diagnostics becomes more problematic. Our aim was to compare the 3M Littmann 3200 Electronic Stethoscope and 3M Littman Cardiology III Mechanical Stethoscope in the auscultation of obese patients. Methods. A total of 30 patients with body mass index >30 kg/m2 were auscultated by a cardiologist and a resident physician: 15 patients by one cardiologist and one resident and 15 patients by another cardiologist and resident using both stethoscopes. In total, 960 auscultation data points were verified by an echocardiogram. Sensitivity and specificity data were calculated. Results. Sensitivity for regurgitation with valves combined was higher when the electronic stethoscope was used by the cardiologist (60.0% vs. 40.9%, p = 0.0002) and the resident physician (62.1% vs. 51.5%, p = 0.016); this was also the same when stenoses were added (59.4% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.0002, and 60.9% vs. 50.7%, p = 0.016, respectively). For any lesion, there were no significant differences in specificity between the electronic and acoustic stethoscopes for the cardiologist (92.4% vs. 94.2%) and the resident physician (93.6% vs. 94.7%). The detailed analysis by valve showed one significant difference in regurgitation at the mitral valve for the cardiologist (80.0% vs. 56.0%, p = 0.031). No significant difference in specificity between the stethoscopes was found when all lesions, valves and both physicians were combined (93.0% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.30), but the electronic stethoscope had higher sensitivity than the acoustic (60.1% vs. 45.7%, p < 0.0001). The analysis when severity of the abnormality was considered confirmed these results. Conclusions. There is an indication of increased sensitivity using the electronic stethoscope. Specificity was high using the electronic and acoustic stethoscope.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Electronic and Traditional Stethoscopes in the Heart Auscultation of Obese Patients

et al. 2019

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“…Prior studies have demonstrated sensitivity of 78%-83% and speci city of 25%-98% for cardiac auscultation in diagnosing CHD [7]. Studies indicated that an electronic stethoscope is equivalent to, or better than a traditional stethoscope for auscultation of heart and breath sounds [5,[8][9][10]. Pyles et al [6] indicated that the "Thinklabs one" electronic stethoscope had a consistency rate of 91%, sensitivity of 78.5% and speci city of 92.6% in identifying pathologic murmurs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study into the Application of the "Iron Man" CHD Screening System in CHD Screening

Peng

Zhai

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective To explore new methods of remote congenital heart disease (CHD) screening, our study investigated the feasibility of applying the “Iron Man” remote CHD screening system to CHD screening. Methods 135 CHD patients and 57 non-CHD patients undergoing transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at two different hospitals (from 2018 to 2019) were evaluated. We examined competency in diagnosing simple CHD cases with the "Iron Man" system by comparing cardiac sounds collected and analyzed in the following three ways-remote auscultation by a physician, automatic analysis by computer, and the online analysis system combining physician auscultation and computer-based automatic analysis. Results The physician’s diagnosis of CHD (based on remote auscultation of cardiac sounds collected by the "Iron Man"), had a sensitivity, specificity, overall diagnostic consistency rate and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 84.44%, 71.93%, 80.73%, and 0.782, respectively. In comparison, the automatic computer analysis had rates of 89.63%, 73.68%, 84.90% and 0.817, respectively, and the remote CHD screening system had rates of 92.59%, 61.40%, 83.33% and 0.770. The remote CHD screening system had a higher sensitivity in diagnosing CHD than physician auscultation (92.59% vs.84.44%, P=0.001＜0.017), and automatic computer analysis had a higher specificity than the remote CHD screening system (73.68% vs.61.40%, P=0.016＜0.017). The automatic computer analysis demonstrated a higher rate of positive cases than physician auscultation (74.48% vs.67.71%, P=0.041＜0.05). Conclusion The remote CHD screening system integrating physician auscultation and automatic computer analysis were more sensitive than physician auscultation in diagnosing CHD.

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“…Another unique example of medical professionals' benchmark data quality would be the detection of murmurs and gallops identified in cats with heart disease. However, auscultatory findings may be subject to clinically relevant observer variation when comparing electronic to conventional stethoscopes in the detection of abnormal heart sounds [55].…”

Section: Human-based Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Advancements of Stethoscope Types in Chest Auscultation

et al. 2023

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Stethoscopes were originally designed for the auscultation of a patient’s chest for the purpose of listening to lung and heart sounds. These aid medical professionals in their evaluation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as in other applications, such as listening to bowel sounds in the gastrointestinal system or assessing for vascular bruits. Listening to internal sounds during chest auscultation aids healthcare professionals in their diagnosis of a patient’s illness. We performed an extensive literature review on the currently available stethoscopes specifically for use in chest auscultation. By understanding the specificities of the different stethoscopes available, healthcare professionals can capitalize on their beneficial features, to serve both clinical and educational purposes. Additionally, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has also highlighted the unique application of digital stethoscopes for telemedicine. Thus, the advantages and limitations of digital stethoscopes are reviewed. Lastly, to determine the best available stethoscopes in the healthcare industry, this literature review explored various benchmarking methods that can be used to identify areas of improvement for existing stethoscopes, as well as to serve as a standard for the general comparison of stethoscope quality. The potential use of digital stethoscopes for telemedicine amidst ongoing technological advancements in wearable sensors and modern communication facilities such as 5G are also discussed. Based on the ongoing trend in advancements in wearable technology, telemedicine, and smart hospitals, understanding the benefits and limitations of the digital stethoscope is an essential consideration for potential equipment deployment, especially during the height of the current COVID-19 pandemic and, more importantly, for future healthcare crises when human and resource mobility is restricted.

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Clinical evaluation of the 3M Littmann Electronic Stethoscope Model 3200 in 150 cats

Cited by 19 publications

References 29 publications

A Comparison of Electronic and Traditional Stethoscopes in the Heart Auscultation of Obese Patients

A Comparison of Electronic and Traditional Stethoscopes in the Heart Auscultation of Obese Patients

Feasibility Study into the Application of the "Iron Man" CHD Screening System in CHD Screening

Review on the Advancements of Stethoscope Types in Chest Auscultation

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