Clinical evaluation of the endothelial tie-2 crossmatch in ABO compatible and ABO incompatible renal transplants

Clinical relevance of preformed IgG and IgM antibodies against donor endothelial progenitor cells in recipients of living donor kidney grafts

“…Targets and mechanisms of an immune response against vascular endothelium in renal transplantation were recently reviewed by Piotti et al . In several previous studies, EPC antibodies detected in renal transplant recipients were reported to be harmful for the graft , whereas other authors reported that one‐yr graft outcome or differences in rejection frequencies or serum creatinine levels were not associated with positive pre‐transplant donor‐specific anti‐endothelial cross‐matches . Zitzner et al observed more IgM than IgG‐positive XM‐ONE cross‐match tests whereas Jackson et al reported that IgG, but not IgM, EPC antibodies correlated with rejection .…”

“…The literature reports suggest that non‐HLA‐antibodies against human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) of the kidney donor can be found in the blood of renal transplant recipients pre‐ and post‐transplant . Preformed IgG antibodies against donor EPC or isolated targets on EPC were reported to increase the risk of hyperacute rejection , delayed graft function , early acute rejection , chronic graft injury , and graft loss . However, other authors reported that poor one‐yr graft outcome and differences in rejection frequencies or serum creatinine levels were not associated with positive donor‐specific pre‐transplant anti‐endothelial cross‐matches .…”

MICA diversity and linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B alleles in renal-transplant candidates in southern Brazil

“…Similarly to the known involvement of preformed antibodies against the HLA antigens in acute and chronic rejection of a graft [8, 10–12], many studies have shown the importance of MICA alloantibodies in the rejection of various organs [13, 14]. …”

Endothelial precursor cell cross‐match using Tie‐2‐enriched spleen cells

“…The occurrence of pre‐transplant EPC antibodies has been reported to increase the risk of post‐transplant complications . Commercially available test kits for EPC cross‐matching use Tie‐2‐enriched EPC prepared from PBMC and are, therefore, only approved and used for EPC cross‐matching in living donor transplantation.…”

“…Non‐HLA antibodies against human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) of the kidney donor can be detected in the blood of renal transplant recipients pre‐ and post‐transplant . Pre‐formed IgG antibodies against donor EPC or isolated targets on EPC were reported to increase the risk of hyperacute rejection, delayed graft function, early acute rejection, chronic graft injury, and graft loss . Graft rejection can occur in the immediate post‐transplant period despite a negative pre‐transplant lymphocyte cross‐match even with HLA‐identical grafts, suggesting that non‐HLA systems, such as major histocompatibility complex class I‐related chain A (MICA), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (anti‐AT1R), endothelin‐1 type A receptor (anti‐ETAR), apoptotic cells, agrin, vimentin, perlecan, Kα‐tubulin, protein kinase Cζ, phospholipid‐binding proteins, and possibly other determinants on endothelial cells, may be targets for acute antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR) or chronic rejection (CR) .…”