Clinical evaluation of the Grand Seiko Auto Ref/Keratometer WAM-5500

Sheppard, Amy L.; Davies, Leon N.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00701.x

Cited by 158 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As an experiment using the WAM-5500, the result that there was a research that examined the performance, and it was possible to measure it by the accuracy of −0.01 D ± 0.38 D by examining the result of a measurement of the WAM-5500 from the agreement with subjective findings within the range from −6.38 to +4.88 D was obtained (Sheppard and Davies, 2010). There was also a research that investigated eyestrain and transient myopia using the WAM-5500 (Tosha et al, 2009;Borsting et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present measurement method may be considered an effective technique for the measurement of visual function, with which correct values can be obtained even during stereoscopic vision. Additionally, like Egami et al (2009) and Sheppard and Davies (2010), we used equipment that can measure accommodation and convergence quite accurately. With more measurement samples in future studies, this measurement method will become more reliable and be applicable to measurements of various conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The software records dynamic results, including time (in seconds) of each reading for pupil size and MSE (mean spherical equivalent) refraction in the form of an Excel Comma Separated Values (CSV) file. (Queirós et al, 2008;Sheppard and Davies, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Measurement of Lens Accommodation and Convergence to Objects

Shiomi¹,

Hori²,

Hasegawa³

et al. 2014

Forma

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Human beings can perceive that objects are three-dimensional (3D) as a result of simultaneous lens accommodation and convergence on objects, which is possible because humans can see a single so that parallax occurs with the right and left eye. Virtual images are perceived via the same mechanism, but the influence of binocular vision on human visual function is insufficiently understood. In this study, we developed a method to simultaneously measure accommodation and convergence in order to provide further support for our previous research findings. We also measured accommodation and convergence in natural vision to confirm that these measurements are correct. As a result, we found that both accommodation and convergence were consistent with the distance from the subject to the object. Therefore, it can be said that the present measurement method is an effective technique for the measurement of visual function, and that even during stereoscopic vision correct values can be obtained.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous Measurement of Lens Accommodation and Convergence to Objects

Shiomi¹,

Hori²,

Hasegawa³

et al. 2014

Forma

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“…Typical minimum pupil diameters specified by manufacturers range from 2.3 mm (for example, ShunNippon NVision-K5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K and grand Seiko Auto Ref/ Keratometer WAM 5500) to 2.9 mm (Shin-Nippon SRW-5000/Grand Seiko WV-500). 69 Several authors have questioned the application of autorefractors in AIOL research 5,47 due to difficulties in data capture associated with miotic pupils 68,71 and the sub-prime optical quality of the eye caused by bright Purkinje images from the anterior optic surface, and the likely presence of some level of posterior capsular opacification. Wolffsohn and colleagues 59 were able to measure static objective refractive change and record the objective accommodative response through undilated pupils in a cohort of mainly elderly subjects, using a commercially-available open-view autorefractor (Shin-Nippon SRW-5000).…”

Section: Measurement Of Pseudophakic Accommodation and Determining Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…64,65 The technique of photoretinoscopy (for example, PowerRefractor, PlusOptix, Nuremburg, Germany) can provide fully-objective measures of refraction in both eyes simultaneously, however instrument calibration is required for each subject. 66,67 Autorefractors are widely used in both clinical and research settings and provide rapid, objective measures of refraction, [68][69][70] although evaluation of pseudophakic accommodation may not prove straightforward. Senile pupillary miosis, coupled with accommodative constriction requires devices to be capable of measurement through very small pupils.…”

Section: Measurement Of Pseudophakic Accommodation and Determining Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Accommodating intraocular lenses: a review of design concepts, usage and assessment methods

Sheppard

Bashir

Wolffsohn

et al. 2010

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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The correction of presbyopia and restoration of true accommodative function to the ageing eye is the focus of much ongoing research and clinical work. A range of accommodating intraocular lenses (AIOLs) implanted during cataract surgery has been developed and they are designed to change either their position or shape in response to ciliary muscle contraction to generate an increase in dioptric power. Two main design concepts exist. First, axial shift concepts rely on anterior axial movement of one or two optics creating accommodative ability. Second, curvature change designs are designed to provide significant amplitudes of accommodation with little physical displacement. Single-optic devices have been used most widely, although the true accommodative ability provided by forward shift of the optic appears limited and recent findings indicate that alternative factors such as flexing of the optic to alter ocular aberrations may be responsible for the enhanced near vision reported in published studies. Techniques for analysing the performance of AIOLs have not been standardised and clinical studies have reported findings using a wide range of both subjective and objective methods, making it difficult to gauge the success of these implants. There is a need for longitudinal studies using objective methods to assess long-term performance of AIOLs and to determine if true accommodation is restored by the designs available. While dual-optic and curvature change IOLs are designed to provide greater amplitudes of accommodation than is possible with single-optic devices, several of these implants are in the early stages of development and require significant further work before human use is possible. A number of challenges remain and must be addressed before the ultimate goal of restoring youthful levels of accommodation to the presbyopic eye can be achieved.

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