Clinical Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint

RETRACTED: Comparative effectiveness of low‐level laser therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in symptomatic Temporomandibular Disorders: A Randomised Control Trial

“…One of the non‐pharmacological treatments used for pain control is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which work by relaxing the muscles and decreasing pain, working on low amplitude, low‐frequency alternating stimulus causing the muscle to contract and relax 16 . However, LLLT is also a non‐pharmacological method that treats muscle pain through its analgesic, an anti‐inflammatory effect which enhances tissue healing by use of single wavelength electromagnetic radiation in red and infrared regions 17 . This method then presents a possibility for treatment TMJ‐related disorders in different ages and groups of patients 17 …”

“…17 This method then presents a possibility for treatment TMJ-related disorders in different ages and groups of patients. 17 The underlying mechanism of action of TENS involves the activation of peripheral nerves through the application of electrical currents. 2 These currents are delivered via electrodes placed strategically on the skin near the painful area or along the path of the affected nerves.…”

“…16 However, LLLT is also a non-pharmacological method that treats muscle pain through its analgesic, an anti-inflammatory effect which enhances tissue healing by use of single wavelength electromagnetic radiation in red and infrared regions. 17 This method then presents a possibility for treatment TMJ-related disorders in different ages and groups of patients. 17 The underlying mechanism of action of TENS involves the activation of peripheral nerves through the application of electrical currents.…”