Clinical Evidence for the Relationship between Nail Configuration and Mechanical Forces

Sano, Hitomi; Ogawa, Rei

doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000000057

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fingernails have numerous functions and are always exposed to physical stimulation. Fingernail configuration is influenced by genetic factors, the shape of the distal phalangeal bone, mechanical forces, malnutrition, neurogenic factors, blood flow, and factors that cause the thinning and softening of nails [ 6 ]. Widespread nail bed insults can alter the shape and size of the fingernail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingernail Configuration

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundA number of conditions can alter a person's fingernail configuration. The ratio between fingernail width and length (W/L) is an important aesthetic criterion, and some underlying diseases can alter the size of the fingernail. Fingernail curvature can be altered by systemic disorders or disorders of the fingernail itself. Although the shape and curvature of the fingernail can provide diagnostic clues for various diseases, few studies have precisely characterized normal fingernail configuration.MethodsWe measured the W/L ratio of the fingernail, transverse fingernail curvature, hand length, hand breadth, and distal interphalangeal joint width in 300 volunteers with healthy fingernails. We also investigated whether age, sex, height, and handedness influenced the fingernail W/L ratio and transverse fingernail curvature.ResultsIn women, fingernail W/L ratios were similar across all five fingers, and were lower than those in men. The highest value of transverse fingernail curvature was found in the thumb, followed by the index, middle, ring, and little fingers. Handedness and aging influenced transverse fingernail curvature, but not the fingernail W/L ratio. Fingernails were flatter on the dominant hand than on the non-dominant hand. The radius of transverse fingernail curvature increased with age, indicating that fingernails tended to flatten with age.ConclusionsOur quantitative data on fingernail configuration can be used as a reference range for diagnosing various diseases and deformities of the fingernail, and for performing reconstructive or aesthetic fingernail surgery.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingernail Configuration

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This suggests that mechanical forces affect the nail formation and pathophysiological process of nail deformity. In 2014, Sano and Ogawa hypothesized that mechanical forces affected the nail configuration and deformation ( Figure 1) [16]. Nails naturally bend downward to allow the nail plate to adapt to the daily upward mechanical forces.…”

Section: Etiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PND is genetically predisposed to the nail bending inward because of the absence of upward mechanical force or increased automatic bending force (Figure 1(a)). Similarly, if the upward mechanical force exceeds the automatic curvature force, the nail will bend outward, forming koilonychias ( Figure 1(c)) [16].…”

Section: Etiology and Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pincer Nail Deformity: Clinical Characteristics, Causes, and Managements

Huang

Yu³

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A pincer nail is a common nail deformity of toenails and is characterized by nail thickening and nail plate deformation. It often causes severe pain for patients. We perform a thorough literature review and an additional review of pertinent clinical cases, aiming to provide a comprehensive review of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical classification, differential diagnosis, and treatment of pincer nail deformity (PND). Understanding the clinical characteristics and treatment progress of a pincer nail will provide clinicians with comprehensive and evidence-based information about PND, thus allowing the selection of an appropriate treatment according to the patient’s request and the clinical manifestations of PND, which should maximize patient satisfaction.

show abstract

“…3 Based on these observations, similar to that in bedridden individuals, a lack of upward mechanical force on the first toe appears to cause PN in healthy individuals. 4 In order to observe the detailed gait motion of healthy individuals with PN, we developed a novel wireless device and analyzed the pressures on the first and fifth toes, both the pad (on the distal phalanx) and the ball (on the metatarsophalangeal joint), and tracked the gravity center during walking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of a family history and excessive pressure on the first toe pad during walking in female subjects with pincer nails

Makino

Ogawa

Kanagawa

et al. 2019

The Journal of Dermatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pincer nails (PN) are defined as a transverse overcurvature of the nail plate. Although there have been advancements in therapeutic approaches, the precise underlying mechanisms for the development of PN are still not fully understood. Currently, PN are assumed to develop due to lack of upward mechanical force on the toes. We developed a novel wireless device to observe detailed gait motion. We analyzed trends of gait motion in healthy individuals without PN, healthy individuals with PN without a family history of PN, and healthy individuals with PN and a family history of PN. We found that a family history of PN is an independent risk factor for PN, irrespective of gait motion. Moreover, healthy individuals with PN but without a family history of PN exhibit strong and concentrated pressure on the first toe pad during walking. In sum, a family history of PN and excess upward mechanical forces on the first toe pad during walking may be risk factors for the development of PN.

show abstract

Clinical Evidence for the Relationship between Nail Configuration and Mechanical Forces

Cited by 19 publications

References 51 publications

Fingernail Configuration

Fingernail Configuration

Pincer Nail Deformity: Clinical Characteristics, Causes, and Managements

Presence of a family history and excessive pressure on the first toe pad during walking in female subjects with pincer nails

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About