Clinical experience with amino acid and keto acid diets

Controlled low protein diets in chronic renal insufficiency: meta-analysis.

“…Thus, one reason why the individual studies gave weakly significant results could be that there was a too small protein gradient between treated and control groups at the start or during the trial (studies 2 and 6). The only significant study (study 5) showed a mean difference in protein intake of 13 Objective-To study cause specific mortality mission recommends, and when the American data of radiation workers with particular reference to are combined with our analysis the overall risks are associations between fatal neoplasms and level of close to those estimated by the commission. This exposure to radiation.…”

“…Thus, one reason why the individual studies gave weakly significant results could be that there was a too small protein gradient between treated and control groups at the start or during the trial (studies 2 and 6). The only significant study (study 5) showed a mean difference in protein intake of 13 lymphatic leukaemia) was significant and robust in registry was set up; (b) those in employment at the B K Butland, MSC, higher subsidiary analyses. This study showed no associa-inception of the study but no longer doing radiation scientific officer tion between radiation exposure and prostatic work; (c) those who had left employment before the T P Fell, MSC, senior scientific cancer.…”

Dietary protein restriction

“…The relationship between dietary protein restriction and non‐diabetic renal failure progression has been examined by 4 meta‐analyses, 1–4 11 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 5–12 1 prospective double‐blind cross‐over study, 13 8 prospective controlled trials, 14–21 13 prospective non‐controlled trials, 22–34 and 7 retrospective observational cohort studies 35–40 . In view of the potential for serious bias in the non‐randomised studies, this review will be restricted to the RCTs and meta‐analyses.…”

α-Ketoglutarate Application in Hemodialysis Patients Improves Amino Acid Metabolism

“…Dietary phosphate restrictions and intestinal phosphate binding with calcium carbonate or calcium acetate have been used to reduce serum phosphate in hemodialysis patients [4,5]. Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated the reduction of malnutrition by sup plementation with essential amino acids and a-ketoacids [9,10], A combination of calcium carbonate together with a-ketoglutarate is known as a potent phosphate-binding agent [6], u-Ketoglutarate itself possesses several regulato ry functions in amino acid metabolism via the tricarbonic acid cycle [7. 8].…”

“…Low plasma concentrations of essential amino acids and some a-ketoacids [9][10][11] represent the state of dis turbed amino acid metabolism of hemodialysis patients. Among the a-ketoacids, a-ketoisocaproate plays a role in regulation of protein synthesis and proteolysis in muscle cells [12].…”