Clinical factors and biomarker profiles associated with patient outcome in endometrioid ovarian carcinoma - Emphasis on tumor grade

Abstract

Disease stage and grade are independent clinical prognostic factors in endometrioid ovarian carcinoma.• 3-tier grading system is supported by distinct survival and gradual change of markers between grades.• Markers of favorable outcome were PR, ER, nuclear β-catenin and vimentin positivity.• Abnormal expression of p53, overexpression of p16 and L1CAM positivity were associated with aggressive disease.

TCGA molecular classification in endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinomas: Novel data on clear cell carcinoma

“…Since then the cases have been reevaluated based on criteria set by WHO Classification of Tumors of Female Reproductive Organs (4th Edition 2014) [19]. Consequently 8 OCC and 34 OEC cases were excluded, comprising mostly WT1+/ p53abn ovarian carcinomas probably representing high-grade serous carcinomas with clear cell change and endometrioid-like high-grade serous carcinomas, respectively [3,[20][21][22][23]. Eventually 132 clear cell and 215 endometrioid carcinomas remained in the cohort.…”

“…Multicore tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed as described before [18,20]. Four separate cores from different areas of each tumor were included in TMAs [18].…”

Molecular characteristics and clinical behaviour of epithelial ovarian cancers

“…1, ~30% grade 2, ~20% grade 3) [7][8][9]. EnOC are associated with an overall favourable prognosis and are relatively chemosensitive; however, a proportion present with higher grade, advanced stage disease and have poorer prognosis [10].…”

“…Indeed, some investigators previously believed that all high grade EnOC essentially represent variants of HGSOC. However, more contemporary studies, utilizing immunohistochemistry (IHC) to help distinguish HGSOC and EnOC, reveal a significant number of these higher-risk EnOC cases [8,11]. WT1 is a helpful discriminatory tool in this context; EnOC are typically WT1 negative, while HGSOC are overwhelmingly WT1 positive (Table 2) [12,13].…”

CDK1 as a Novel Potential Biomarker for Predicting the Prognosis of endometrioid ovarian carcinoma

“…EOC differs from other histological subtypes of ovarian cancer and has pathological similarities with endometrioid endometrial cancer 2 , potentially related to endometriosis 3 . EOC patients often have a favorable prognosis, with a reported 5-year survival rate of 82%, but some have a poor prognosis, making it challenging to screen these patients 4,5 . The identification of reliable prognostic biomarkers is therefore essential for personalized treatment of EOC patients.…”