Clinical factors associated with bacterial resistance derived from health care in Chihuahua, Mexico.

Abstract

Objective: Describe the profile of Multidrug Resistance (MDR), Extended Resistance (XDR) and Pan-Resistance (PDR) to antibacterials and identify the associated clinical factors in a hospital in Chihuahua, Mexico. Materials and methods: An observational, analytical, case-control study was carried out during the period from January 2018 to December 2020. From 308 clinical records, 506 bacteria were isolated, the variables included previous admission and treatment, days of hospital stay, site of infection, days of antibiotic use, use of 2 or more antibiotics, relationship with nosocomial infection, coinfection, admission service, and reason for admission. Descriptive analysis, Xi2 and logistic regression were performed to search for association with bacterial resistance. Results: 56 and 44% of the isolates were gram negative and positive. Significant risk factors were days of hospital stay, previous antibiotic use, nosocomial infection, antibiotic use for more than 10 days, use of two or more antibiotics, and coinfection; the latter four being an independent risk factor for bacterial multiresistance. Conclusion: The surgery, internal medicine and pediatric services deserve special attention due to the high proportion of multi-resistant isolates and the presence of pan-resistance, in the same way, previous admission, previous treatment and days of antibiotic use were identified as risk factors for multi-resistance. derived from the prescription and therefore, subject to modification.