Clinical Features and Complete Genome Characterization of a Distinct Human Rhinovirus (HRV) Genetic Cluster, Probably Representing a Previously Undetected HRV Species, HRV-C, Associated with Acute Respiratory Illness in Children

Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yip, Cyril C. Y.; Tsoi, Hoi-Wah; Lee, Rodney A.; So, Lok‐Yee; Lau, Yu‐Lung; Chan, Kwok‐Hung; Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Yuen, Kwok‐Yung

doi:10.1128/jcm.01254-07

Cited by 308 publications

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“…These viruses contribute both to a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed respiratory illness and to diagnosed, but nontyped cases of HRV infection. Similar viruses were recently characterized also in Queensland, Australia (11); California, USA (12); Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China (13); and Germany (16). Our fi ndings indicate the need for further investigation into this third (HRV-C) group of rhinoviruses with emphasis on epidemiology, pathogenesis, and strategies to prevent and ameliorate disease caused by HRV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Global Distribution of Novel Rhinovirus Genotype

Briese

Renwick

Venter

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Statistical uncertainty in each parameter estimate is expressed as 95% highest probability density (HPD) values. The estimated mean rate of evolutionary change was 6.6 × 10 -4 substitutions/site/y (95% HPD = 0.3-14.6 × 10 -4 substitutions/ site/y; 38 dated samples collected over 32 mo (8,16) (S.R. Dominguez et al, unpub.…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Distribution of Novel Rhinovirus Genotype

Briese

Renwick

Venter

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…One HRV strain originally assigned as HRV87 belongs to the enterovirus species HEV-D (Blomqvist et al, 2002;Ishiko et al, 2002;Oberste et al, 2004). Recent studies, which have applied direct RT-PCR and sequencing to clinical specimens, have discovered a third genetic clade that is distinct from HRV-A and HRV-B and is preliminarily called HRV-C (Arden et al, 2006;Kistler et al, 2007a; Lamson et al, 2006;Lau et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2007;McErlean et al, 2007; Savolainen-Kopra et al., 2009). HRVs are composed of an icosahedral protein capsid composed of 60 copies of protomers, each of which comprise a single molecule of four capsid proteins VP1-VP4, VP1 being the most exposed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of human rhinovirus field strains isolated during surveillance of enteroviruses

Blomqvist

Savolainen-Kopra

Paananen

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), which are the most frequent causative agents of acute upper respiratory tract infections, are abundant worldwide. We have identified HRV strains in environmental specimens collected in Finland, Latvia and Slovakia during the surveillance of polioand other enteroviruses. These acid-sensitive HRV strains were isolated under conditions optimized for growth of most of the enteroviruses, i.e. in stationary human rhabdomyosarcoma cells incubated at 36 6C. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences derived from the partial 59 noncoding region and the capsid region coding for proteins VP4/VP2 and VP1 showed that the HRV field strains clustered together with prototype strains of the HRV minor receptor group. Partial sequences of the 3D polymerase coding region generally followed this pattern, with the exception of a set of three HRV field strains that formed a subcluster not close to any of the established HRV-A types, suggesting that recombination may have occurred during evolution of these HRV strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2 capsid protein coding region showed that the 'environmental' HRV field strains were practically identical to HRV strains recently sequenced by others in Australia, the United States and Japan. Analysis of amino acids corresponding to the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 receptor footprint in major receptor group HRVs and also in the low-density lipoprotein receptor footprint of minor receptor group HRVs showed conservation of the 'minor receptor group-like' amino acids, indicating that the field strains may have maintained their minor receptor group specificity. INTRODUCTIONHuman rhinoviruses (HRVs) belong to the family Picornaviridae and together with human enteroviruses (HEV) and a number of non-human enterovirus strains comprise the largest genus (Enterovirus) in the family (Knowles, 2008). Clinical illnesses caused by HRV are typically mild and self-limiting upper respiratory tract infections or common colds, but HRVs have also been increasingly associated with other clinical consequences of respiratory tract infection such as acute otitis media (NoksoKoivisto et al., 2004;Pitkaranta et al., 1998;Vesa et al., 2001), acute community-acquired sinusitis (Pitkaranta et al., 1997(Pitkaranta et al., , 2001), bronchiolitis (Hayden, 2004), pneumonia (Papadopoulos, 2004 and exacerbations of existing respiratory disorders such as asthma (Gern, 2002) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Greenberg, 2002).HRV encompasses 100 designated serotypes, including two antigenically distinct subtypes of serotype HRV1 (HRV1A and HRV1B) (Hamparian et al., 1987;Kapikian et al., 1967Kapikian et al., , 1971. The current taxonomy is based on genetic relationships of HRV. Genetic analysis of VP4/VP2 (Savolainen et al., 2002a) and VP1 (Laine et al., 2005; Ledford et al., 2004) capsid protein coding regions showed that the 100 serotypes cluster into two genetically distinct species, HRV-A and HRV-B. One HRV strain originally assigned as HRV87 belongs to the enterovirus species H...

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“…The genome consists of 11 genes that are translated as a single polyprotein, which is divided into three regions (P1, P2 and P3) that are subsequently cleaved into four mature structural (VP4, VP2, VP3 and VP1) and seven non-structural proteins (2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C PRO and 3D POL ) (Kirchberger et al 2007, Kistler et al 2007, Mackay 2008. Three HRV species have been described: A, B and C (Lau et al 2007, Palmenberg et al 2009). …”

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confidence: 99%