Clinical features and haematological parameters among malaria patients in Mangaluru city area in the southwestern coastal region of India

Punnath, Kishore; Dayanand, Kiran K.; Chandrashekar, Valleesha N.; Achur, Rajeshwara N.; Kakkilaya, Srinivas B.; Ghosh, Susanta Kumar; Mukhi, Benudhar; Midya, Vishal; N, Suchetha Kumari; Gowda, D. Channe

doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06540-2

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…vivax infections in 11% to 45% of patient samples [27,28]. Some studies have also concluded that since field diagnosis of malaria at the primary health care level in India is mostly performed by microscopy which has low sensitivity/accuracy in diagnosing multiple species malaria, cases of mixed species infection are usually missed [27,[29][30][31]. This is also evident from the fact that~17% of mixed infections were initially identified as monoinfections due to P. falciparum in one study from India [29].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

2020

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Malaria still continues to be the most important parasitic disease worldwide, affecting 228 million people and causing 405,000 deaths each year. In this retrospective study during 2013 to 2018, we documented the incidence of imported malaria infection and evaluated the impact of malaria preventive measures in Kuwait, a non-endemic country. The epidemiologic and demographic data of all malaria cases was collected from the Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kuwait where all suspected cases of malaria are referred for confirmation and therapeutic intervention. The diagnosis of malaria infection was done by microscopy of Giemsa stained blood films. Selected samples were retested with BinaxNOW® Malaria rapid test and molecular assay to reconfirm the Plasmodium spp. or mixed infection. Overall, 1913 (25.9%) malaria cases were detected, 81.5% of which were among male subjects. Male subjects had higher incidence of P. vivax malaria (113; 91.1%) and mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax (1245; 90.0%) compared to females who had higher rate of P. falciparum infection (52.4%). An overwhelming majority of malaria cases (1895; 99.1%) were detected among expatriates from malaria-endemic countries; India (1012; 52.9%), Pakistan (390; 20.4%), Afghanistan (94; 4.9%) and African countries (313; 16.3%). Only 18 cases involved Kuwaiti nationals, all with a history of travel to African countries. The majority of malaria cases were detected during the summer and fall months (May-October). Our data showed that the incidence rate of imported malaria cases was stable during 2013 to 2018, however, the incidence of total malaria cases showed a declining trend over the years. This study confirms that the preventive program has been successful in reducing the incidence of imported malaria infections in Kuwait. The most striking finding of this study was high incidence of mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax, with almost all (97%) cases among workers from India.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

2020

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“…In Mangaluru City in southwestern India, a study examined a total of 579 malaria patients and reported that 364 (62.9%) had P. vivax infection, 150 (25.9%) had P. falciparum while 65 (11.2%) patients had Plasmodium spp. mixed infection [83]. The majority (506 or 87%) of malaria patients had mild malaria, which may be attributed to prompt treatment or previous exposure to the parasite [83].…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Malaria In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…mixed infection [83]. The majority (506 or 87%) of malaria patients had mild malaria, which may be attributed to prompt treatment or previous exposure to the parasite [83]. Although P. vivax was thought to dominate India in comparison to P. falciparum, a study which examined 2333 blood samples using microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and PCR assay collected from 9 malariaendemic Indian states had reported that the ratio of P. vivax to P. falciparum infection was 51:49 while 13% of cases had Plasmodium spp.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of Malaria In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Status and the Epidemiology of Malaria in the Middle East Region and Beyond

2021

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Vector-borne parasitic infectious diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Malaria is one of the most common vector-borne parasitic infection and is caused by five Plasmodium species, namely P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi. Epidemiologically, differences in the patterns of malaria cases, causative agent, disease severity, antimicrobial resistance, and mortality exist across diverse geographical regions. The world witnessed 229 million malaria cases which resulted in 409,000 deaths in 2019 alone. Although malaria cases are reported from 87 countries globally, Africa bears the brunt of these infections and deaths as nearly 94% of total malaria cases and deaths occur in this continent, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the Middle East Region countries are malaria-free as no indigenous cases of infection have been described in recent years. However, imported cases of malaria continue to occur as some of these countries. Indeed, the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have large expatriate population originating from malaria endemic countries. In this review, the current status and epidemiology of malaria in the Middle East Region countries and other malaria-endemic countries that are home to a large migrant workforce being employed in Middle East Region countries are discussed.

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“…The study also reported that the majority (506 or 87%) of malaria patients had mild malaria, which may be attributed to prompt treatment with antimalarial drugs or previous exposure to the malarial parasite. Although P. vivax was thought to dominate India in comparison to P. falciparum , a large recent study which examined 2333 blood samples collected from nine malaria-endemic Indian states by using multiple diagnostic tests (microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and PCR assay) reported that the ratio of P. vivax to P. falciparum infection was almost the same (1.04:1) [ 70 ]. The study also reported that 13% of cases had Plasmodium spp.…”

Section: Malaria Status Among Countries Contributing Most Of the Imported Malaria Cases In Gcc Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Malaria, Vector Control Status and Malaria Elimination Prospects in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

et al. 2021

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Malaria is the most common vector-borne parasitic infection causing significant human morbidity and mortality in nearly 90 tropical/sub-tropical countries worldwide. Significant differences exist in the incidence of malaria cases, dominant Plasmodium species, drug-resistant strains and mortality rates in different countries. Six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, UAE) in the Middle East region with similar climates, population demographics and economic prosperity are aiming to achieve malaria elimination. In this narrative review, all studies indexed in PubMed describing epidemiological characteristics of indigenous and imported malaria cases, vector control status and how malaria infections can be controlled to achieve malaria elimination in GCC countries were reviewed and discussed. These studies have shown that indigenous malaria cases are absent in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and UAE and have progressively declined in Oman and Saudi Arabia. However, imported malaria cases continue to occur as GCC countries have large expatriate populations originating from malaria-endemic countries. Various malaria control and prevention strategies adopted by GCC countries including more stringent measures to reduce the likelihood of importing malaria cases by prior screening of newly arriving expatriates and vector elimination programs are likely to lead to malaria elimination in this region.

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Clinical features and haematological parameters among malaria patients in Mangaluru city area in the southwestern coastal region of India

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

Decreasing trend of imported malaria cases but increasing influx of mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax infections in malaria-free Kuwait

Current Status and the Epidemiology of Malaria in the Middle East Region and Beyond

Current Epidemiological Characteristics of Imported Malaria, Vector Control Status and Malaria Elimination Prospects in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries

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