1987
DOI: 10.1007/bf03259868
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Clinical Features and Management of Poisoning due to Antimalarial Drugs

Abstract: The toxicities of antimalarial drugs vary because of the differences in the chemical structures of these compounds. Quinine, the oldest antimalarial, has been used for 300 years. Of the 200 to 300 compounds synthesised since the first synthetic antimalarial, primaquine in 1926, 15 to 20 are currently used for malaria treatment, most of which are quinoline derivatives. Quinoline derivatives, particularly quinine and chloroquine, are highly toxic in overdose. The toxic effects are related to their quinidine-like… Show more

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Cited by 97 publications
(64 citation statements)
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“…Symptoms are likely to occur after a single dose of 44 g and death can occur with doses of 8 g. 2 Proposed mechanisms of quinine toxicity include direct toxic damage to neuroretina or ischaemia secondary to arterial vasoconstriction. 3 The resulting generalised vasospasm without alteration of the blood-retinal barrier accounts for the angiographic features seen in Figures 1 and 2.…”
Section: Commentmentioning
confidence: 87%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Symptoms are likely to occur after a single dose of 44 g and death can occur with doses of 8 g. 2 Proposed mechanisms of quinine toxicity include direct toxic damage to neuroretina or ischaemia secondary to arterial vasoconstriction. 3 The resulting generalised vasospasm without alteration of the blood-retinal barrier accounts for the angiographic features seen in Figures 1 and 2.…”
Section: Commentmentioning
confidence: 87%
“…Visual recovery with a spherical subjective refraction 6 months after pterygium removal retrospectively proves that irregular hemimeridian 3 astigmatism (with presumably a much flatter cornea on the nasal side) and probably the Descemet's membrane folds themselves were the cause for patient's decreased visual acuity.…”
mentioning
confidence: 91%
“…Severe toxic manifestations may occur within 1-3 h and fatal outcomes usually occur within 2-3 h of drug ingestion. The major clinical symptoms are of neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular toxicity [8,113]; death is usually due to cardiac arrest related to the direct effect of CQ on the myocardium [36]. Overdosage with HCQ has responded to measures similar to those used in the management of CQ overdosage [38].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is contraindicated in pregnant women and young children because of its effects on growing bones and teeth (4), it produces vaginitis frequently, and it produces photosensitivity reactions (3). Although proguanil has been used for many years and is thought to be safe (17), most of the previous experience with this drug has been at a lower daily dose (100 rather than 200 mg/day). The efficacy of proguanil appears to vary in different areas of the world.…”
Section: In Vitro and In Vivo Correlatesmentioning
confidence: 99%