Clinical Features and Therapy of Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Smith, Owen; Hann, Ian

doi:10.1002/9780470987001.ch20

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 242 publications

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“…Diagnosis banding LLA mencakup infeksi virus dan infeksi lainnya (infeksi mononukleosis, sitomegalovirus, dan leishmania), keganasan sumsum tulang lainnya (misalnya neuroblastoma, rabdomiosarkoma), penyakit vaskuler kolagen, dan penyakit hematologik seperti idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), anemia aplastik, dan kelainan sumsum tulang seperti Fanconi disease. 6 Selain di dalam darah dan sumsum tulang, sel-sel punca leukemia (leukemic blasts) dapat juga menginfiltrasi organ lain berupa limfadenopati dan hepatosplenomegali, yang dapat dideteksi dengan pemeriksaan sitologik, histologik atau diagnostic imaging. 6…”

Section: Diagnosis Bandingunclassified

“…6 Selain di dalam darah dan sumsum tulang, sel-sel punca leukemia (leukemic blasts) dapat juga menginfiltrasi organ lain berupa limfadenopati dan hepatosplenomegali, yang dapat dideteksi dengan pemeriksaan sitologik, histologik atau diagnostic imaging. 6…”

Section: Diagnosis Bandingunclassified

“…1, 3,5 Manifestasi klinik leukemia dapat berupa kelelahan dan kelemahan, pucat, infeksi dan demam yang tidak sembuh dengan antibiotik, mudah berdarah atau memar, nyeri sendi atau tulang, hilangnya nafsu makan dan turunnya berat badan, pembesaran kelenjar limf, batuk atau kesulitan pernafasan, pembesaran hati atau limpa, pembengkakan muka dan tangan, sakit kepala, serta muntah. 1,6 Penanganan pasien LLA ialah pemberian kemoterapi dengan menggunakan protokol kemoterapi internasional, yaitu: induction, CNS preventive therapy, consolidation /reinduction, dan maintenance therapy. 2,[7][8][9] Pengobatan tersebut telah menjadi semakin kompleks dan membutuhkan suatu pengorganisasian yang cermat, keahlian, serta pengetahuan untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal.…”

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“…1,6 Penanganan pasien LLA ialah pemberian kemoterapi dengan menggunakan protokol kemoterapi internasional, yaitu: induction, CNS preventive therapy, consolidation /reinduction, dan maintenance therapy. 2,[7][8][9] Pengobatan tersebut telah menjadi semakin kompleks dan membutuhkan suatu pengorganisasian yang cermat, keahlian, serta pengetahuan untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal. Anak-anak dengan LLA harus dirawat di pusat-pusat yang menyediakan personel khusus dan memberikan alat diagnostik dan strategi pengobatan yang up-to-date 2,10,11 yang memerlukan koordinasi dari suatu tim multidispliner terdiri dari dokter spesialis anak dan tim rehabilitasi medik yang terdiri dari dokter spesialis rehabilitasi medik, fisioterapi, okupasi terapis, ortotis prostetis, psikolog, petugas sosial medic, serta perawat rehabilitasi.…”

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Rehabilitasi Medik Pada Anak Dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

Yenni

2014

JBM

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is oftenly found in children as well as in adolescents. ALL occurs in 3-4 cases of 100,000 children. The specific etiology of ALL is still unknown, but it is related to a multifactorial process associated with genetic, immunology, environment, toxic substances, viral exposures, and ionization radiation. Clinical manifestations of ALL may include fatigue and weakness, palor, infections and febris that are not improved with antibiotics, easy bleeding or bruising, joint or bone pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, enlarged lymph nodes, cough, or difficulty of breathing, enlargement of the liver or spleen, swelling of the face and hands, headaches, and vomiting. Functional improvement is a goal for medical rehabilitation in patient with LLA. In general, cancer rehabilitation management aims to maintain body functions including mobilization and activity, nutrition, social support systems, and pain control. Moreover, the program is implemented in conjunction with specific interventions based on the affected organ systems.Keywords: ALL, medical rehabilitationAbstrak: Leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) merupakan kanker yang sering terjadi pada anak-anak dan remaja. LLA terjadi pada 3-4 kasus dari 100.000 anak. Etiologi spesifik LLA belum diketahui, tetapi berhubungan dengan proses multifaktorial yang berkaitan dengan genetik, imunologi, lingkungan, toksik, paparan virus, ionization radiation. Manifestasi klinik leukemia dapat berupa kelelahan dan kelemahan, kulit pucat, infeksi dan demam yang tidak sembuh dengan antibiotik, mudah berdarah atau memar, nyeri sendi atau tulang, hilangnya nafsu makan dan turunnya berat badan, pembesaran kelenjar limfe, batuk atau kesulitan pernafasan, pembesaran hati atau limpa, pembengkakan muka dan tangan, sakit kepala, dan muntah Perbaikan status fungsional merupakan tujuan utama rehabilitasi medik pasien LLA. Penanganan rehabilitasi kanker secara umum ialah untuk memelihara fungsi meliputi mobilisasi, aktivitas, nutrisi, sistem pendukung sosial dan pengendalian rasa nyeri. Keseluruhan program ini diterapkan bersamaan dengan intervensi spesifik berdasarkan sistem organ yang terkena.Kata kunci: LLA, rehabilitasi medik

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Section: Diagnosis Bandingunclassified

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Rehabilitasi Medik Pada Anak Dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

Yenni

2014

JBM

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“…The survival rate in leukemia has increased due to methods developed in the last 30 years for treatment of the disease as well as therapies to protect the central nervous system and advances in supportive care [1,2]. As the survival rate and time have increased, early and late side effects arising from chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy used to treat leukemia have become important considerations [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Consequences of Childhood Leukemia and Its Treatment

Turhan

Fıdan

Yarar

et al. 2017

Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus

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As survival rates have improved in pediatric patients with leukemia, late side effects from chemotherapeutics and radiotherapy have become important considerations. We investigated these side effects and evaluated their impact on neurocognitive functions. The observational study included 68 patients with acute leukemia who were treated at Eskisehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty. The study also included 62 of the patients' closest age siblings as a control group. Demographic and clinical data, chemotherapy protocol, use of radiotherapy were recorded, neurological and ophthalmological examinations, cranial imaging, electroencephalography, visual evoked potential, and hearing investigations were performed, and neurocognitive functions were evaluated. At least one or more late effects detected by a neurologic abnormality on physical exam, cranial magnetic resonance imaging, neurological tests, or neurocognitive tests was significantly more likely in the patient group (82.4%) compared to the control group (29%, < 0.001). A higher rate (82.4%) of delayed neurological and cognitive problems occurred in children who received radiotherapy, intrathecal and/or systemic chemotherapy during leukemia treatment compared to age-matched siblings. Patients being treated for leukemia should be periodically evaluated for treatment-related side effects. Prophylactic interventions such cognitive training and maintenance of academic growth may offer the best hope of preventing late effects.

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An update on leukaemia

Bonney

2012

Paediatrics and Child Health

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Clinical Features and Therapy of Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Cited by 15 publications

References 242 publications

Rehabilitasi Medik Pada Anak Dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

Rehabilitasi Medik Pada Anak Dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut

Neurocognitive Consequences of Childhood Leukemia and Its Treatment

An update on leukaemia

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