Clinical Features and Vitreous Biomarkers of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Ke, Dandan; Hong, YiYi; Jiang, XinNan; Sun, XuFang

doi:10.2147/dmso.s362074

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition to the higher incidence of retinopathy in EOD, the visual prognosis seems to be poor in these patients, with a greater rate of recurrent postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (2). The odds ratios of DN, CKD, and DPN were greater in this group (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOD) refers to diabetes that occurs in younger people below the age of 40, and its prevalence has been rising in recent years. This condition is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular complications and affects people more commonly in their working years, highlighting the negative societal implications of the disease (1,2). Physiologic insulin resistance during puberty, a family history of diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyles, and socioeconomic status are implicated in the current rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Soheilipour,

Abbasi Kasbi,

Imankhan

et al. 2023

Int J Endocrinol Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Context: Global reports have revealed a dramatic rise in the number of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) over the past three decades in all age groups, even in children and adolescents. The physiologic phenomenon of insulin resistance during puberty, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors, are implicated in this phenomenon. It seems that patients with early-onset T2DM experience a more aggressive clinical course; however, limited treatments available for these patients pose a challenge. This narrative review intends to scrutinize the micro- and macrovascular complications and treatments of patients with early-onset T2DM. Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database to identify all relevant original English articles published from the beginning of 2018 until January 2023. Results: Vascular complications, such as albuminuria, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and retinopathy, were seen to be more common in early-onset T2DM compared to type 1 diabetes. The odds ratio of vascular complications was higher in early-onset compared to late-onset T2DM. In children and adolescents with T2DM, the only approved medications included metformin, insulin, and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists. Treatment of early-onset T2DM with metformin monotherapy cannot yield durable glycemic control, and most patients need early combination therapy. Conclusions: During the past years, the frequency of early-onset T2DM has been growing at an alarming rate. Vascular complications in these patients seem more aggressive and more challenging to control. Hence, further clinical trials should be conducted to develop novel therapeutic approaches and evaluate their long-term benefits in terms of glycemic control and preventing future complications.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Soheilipour,

Abbasi Kasbi,

Imankhan

et al. 2023

Int J Endocrinol Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Since the outer retina represents the major site for mitochondrial turnover 10,19 , protecting Müller glia in diabetes becomes essential to safeguard MQC and protect neurons from stress-induced mitochondrial damage. Interestingly, Müller glia adopted the characteristic neuroin ammatory phenotype in the context of diabetes induced-mitochondrial hyperfusion, as shown by the upregulation of intermediate laments (i.e., Vimentin) and the release of in ammatory factors, including CCL2 and VEGF-A (both elevated in the vitreous of DR individuals) [41][42][43] . In addition to these hallmarks, dysfunctional mitochondria may expel components such as ROS, mtDNA and mitochondrial peptides into the cytosol where they are recognised as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) via in ammasomes 44,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation of mitochondrial hyperfusion in the diabetic retina via N6-furfuryladenine confers neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status.

Anderson,

Alfahad,

Wimalachandra

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recovery of mitochondrial quality control (MQC) may bring innovative solutions for neuroprotection, while also imposing an extraordinary challenge given the need of holistic approaches to restore mitochondrial dynamics (fusion/fission) and turnover (mitophagy and biogenesis). In Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) this therapeutic approach is further compounded by our lack of understanding of human retinal neurodegeneration, but also of how MQC processes interplay during disease progression. Here, we show for the first time that mitochondria remodel towards hyperfusion during retinal neurodegeneration in human and murine diabetes. Using Mito-QC reporter, we demonstrate that mitochondrial hyperfusion blunts the homeostatic turnover of mitochondria in diabetes, causing metabolic, neuronal, and neuro-inflammatory (glial) stress. By mimicking this mitochondrial remodelling in vitro, we also generated a drug discovery platform whereby glycosylated N6-furfuryladenine(s) (but not other PINK1-activators) restored mitochondrial turnover and cellular bioenergetics by relaxing hyperfusion in a controlled fashion. Oral administration of glycosylated N6-furfuryladenine restored mitochondrial turnover in the murine (Ins2Akita) diabetic retina, improving clinical correlates (electroretinogram and SD-OCT) and conferring human-relevant neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status. Collectively, our study provides new translational insights for neuroprotection in the diabetic retina through the holistic recovery of MQC.

show abstract

“…The assay kit has also been utilized in other projects to assess cytokines in intraocular fluids. 15 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Replicates of Intraocular Inflammatory Biomarkers in Ocular Fluid Samples Analyzed with Multiplex Assays

Lamoureux,

Wong,

Felfeli

2023

OPTH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Certain factors such as instrumental and sample processing errors may contribute to variability of ocular biofluid samples when they are run as replicates with multiplex assays. There is a paucity of literature on the variability of replicates in multiplex assays. This study aims to evaluate whether there is significant variability in replicate analyses of multiplex assays. Methods: A total of 152 human ocular biofluid samples (51 aqueous humor and 101 vitreous) were collected and assayed for 27 cytokine biomarker concentrations (pg/mL). Samples were evaluated as replicates (duplicate analysis) at four different time points. Statistical methods including paired samples t-test, 3-way ANOVA, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC; <0.5-0.75=poor-moderate, 0.75->0.90 =good-excellent reliability), and coefficients of variation (CV) were employed to evaluate for statistical significance, with Bonferroni corrected P=0.002. Results: Among the 4104 biomarker replicate assays for aqueous humor and vitreous, two analytes (PDGF-BB and IL-7) had a statistically significant difference between the sampled concentrations of the replicates in vitreous samples (mean (diff)=2.05, P<0.001, mean (diff)=1.56, P<0.001, respectively). Majority of the ICC values fell within the good-excellent range (86% of samples) with a minority falling in the poor-moderate range (14% of samples). More variability was noted in the vitreous humour, with five analytes (IL-2, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-13, IL-17) demonstrating an average ICC of less than 0.5. The CV calculated for each set of replicates suggested that 93% of replicates had an acceptable level of quantitative assay variability (CV<20%). Conclusion:This study demonstrates that the analysis of most biomarkers in ocular fluids may not require the use of replicates. However, certain analytes such as PDGF-BB and IL-7 may require the use of replicates to ensure reliable results. Caution should be taken when applying these findings to other laboratory settings as our study was conducted by an experienced technician using a standardized protocol. In less standardized settings, replicates may be required in order to ensure accuracy of results. These findings may guide researchers with the design of their studies on ophthalmic biomarker analysis.

show abstract

Clinical Features and Vitreous Biomarkers of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Cited by 8 publications

References 41 publications

Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Complications and Treatment of Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Relaxation of mitochondrial hyperfusion in the diabetic retina via N6-furfuryladenine confers neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status.

Variability of Replicates of Intraocular Inflammatory Biomarkers in Ocular Fluid Samples Analyzed with Multiplex Assays

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About