Clinical Features in Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia

Turgeon, Lyse; Marchand, André; Dupuis, Gilles

doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00031-0

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…33 Finally, evidence has shown that women with panic disorder are more likely to have comorbid alcohol abuse or dependence compared with women without panic disorder, suggesting a possible genetic link between panic disorder and alcohol abuse in women.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…26 In a study of patients suffering from panic disorder with agoraphobia, women reported more severe agoraphobic avoidance when facing situations or places alone, more catastrophic thoughts, more body sensations, and higher scores on the Fear Survey Schedule. 33 In an Edmonton, Canada, population survey, Dick et al reported that women who meet criteria for panic disorder subsequently suffer from more individual panic symptoms and with greater severity of the climacteric syndrome in its physical and psychological symptoms. 45 Northcott and Stein have reported the highly variable influence of pregnancy on the course of panic disorder in women, estimating that of women with pre-existing panic disorder, 40-45% experience no change in their symptoms, 30-35% experience an improvement in their symptoms, and 20-30% experience a worsening of their symptoms during the course of pregnancy.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anxiety disorders in women: does gender matter to treatment?

Kinrys

Wygant

2005

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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A b s t r a c t Women have a substantially higher risk of developing lifetime anxiety disorders compared with men. In addition, research evidence has generally observed an increased symptom severity, chronic course, and functional impairment in women with anxiety disorders in comparison to men. However, the reasons for the increased risk in developing an anxiety disorder in women are still unknown and have yet to be adequately investigated. Evidence from various studies has suggested that genetic factors and female reproductive hormones may play important roles in the expression of these gender differences. The significant differences in onset and course of illness observed in men and women diagnosed with anxiety disorders warrants investigations into the need of differential treatment; however, evidence of gender differences in treatment response to different anxiety disorders are varying and remain largely inconclusive. This article reviews the prevalence, epidemiology, and phenomenology of the major anxiety disorders in women, as well as the implications of such differences for treatment.Keywords: Anxiety disorders/epidemiology; Anxiety disorders/genetics; Anxiety disorders/drug therapy; Antidepressive agents/ therapeutic use; Depressive disorder; Disease susceptibility; Gender Identity Women's health ResumoMulheres apresentam um risco significativamente maior comparado com o dos homens para o desenvolvimento de transtornos de ansiedade ao longo da vida. Além disso, diversos estudos sugerem maior gravidade de sintomas, maior cronicidade e maior prejuízo funcional dos transtornos de ansiedade entre as mulheres. Apesar disso, os motivos que levam a este aumento de risco no sexo feminino são ainda desconhecidos e precisam ser adequadamente investigados. Vários estudos apresentam evidências de que, entre as prováveis causas dessa diferença entre os sexos, estão os fatores genéticos e a influência exercida pelos hormônios sexuais femininos. As diferenças de gênero encontradas nos transtornos de ansiedade em relação ao início e à evolução da doença indicam que é necessário investigar a necessidade de tratamentos diferenciados para homens e mulheres. Entretanto, as evidên-cias de que as diferenças de gênero modifiquem a resposta ao tratamento dos transtornos ansiosos ainda são inconsistentes e amplamente inconclusivas. Este artigo procura rever a literatura existente a respeito da prevalência, epidemiologia e fenomenologia dos transtornos ansiosos entre as mulheres e as implicações destas peculiaridades para a melhor eficácia no seu tratamento. GAD is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities.3 The symptomatology associated with this disorder includes restlessness, being easily fatigued, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and/or sleep disturbance. Women with GAD appear to have several distinguishing clinical features from men with GAD. Women diagnosed with GAD tend to have an earlier age of onset than m...

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Anxiety disorders in women: does gender matter to treatment?

Kinrys

Wygant

2005

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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“…In our study, it is determined that depression, social phobia and specific phobia in females and alcohol abuse in males are significantly high in statistical sense. Beside the studies indicating that there is no difference between the genders from the point of major depression comorbidity in PD patients (12), there are also studies, such as Barzega et al study (20), indicating that depression in females with PD is observed more often than males (31,32). Pollack et al (33), found out that increased depression comorbidity in PD is coexistent with elevated phobic avoidance, personality disorder and anxiety sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, there is no difference between the genders from such point of view. In the literature, there are conflicting findings in this subject (11,12,20,22,23). This conflict may be because of the fact that the age of commencements was being determined retrospectively, or it may well be caused by the methodological facts such as some studies accepting the first PA as the age of commencement, and some accepting the age when criteria of the PD diagnosis scale are met.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies indicated that PD was a disorder occurring in females and that female gender is an important risk factor in the progress of PD (9). The research studying the inter-gender differences in PD, indicated that occurrence of PD in females are 2.5 times than that of the males (10), especially course of PD coexisting with agoraphobia is more serious and chronic (11), and that females reported more agoraphobic avoidance (12). In addition to the studies indicating that there are no genetic differences from the point of comorbidity (1), there are also studies indicating that occurrence of comorbidity in females with PD are observed more frequently (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder

Delice¹,

Tabo²,

Alataş³

et al. 2015

Dusunen Adam

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Gender differences in terms of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity in patients with panic disorder Objectives: Comorbidity in psychiatric disorders significantly affects the clinical course, the severity of symptoms, and the response to the treatment. Panic disorder can cause considerable disability, reduction of interpersonal relationships, avoidance of certain social situations, and staying away from high-risk jobs and consequently lowering work performance causing loss of job. A number of studies have shown that panic disorder is observed more frequently in females, indicating a gender risk factor. This study investigated potential gender differences in the distribution of Axis I and Axis II comorbidity. Method: A total of 63 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and had been diagnosed with panic disorder according to DSM-IV participated in this study. 31 (49.2%) patients were female, and 32 (50.8%) were male. Panic disorder was diagnosed with SCID-I (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders). Sociodemographic data were collected using a form developed by the researchers, and the Panic Agoraphobia scale was applied in all cases. The existence of possible childhood separation anxiety was also investigated, and SCID-II was applied to identify Axis II personality disorders. Gender differences in demographic and clinical characteristics and in the comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders were then investigated. Results: The reported prevalence of separation anxiety was considerably higher in the female than in the male patients. Depression, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias were more common in the female patients, whereas alcohol abuse was more common among the male patients. There was no gender difference in Axis II comorbidity. Conclusions: This comparison of gender differences in Axis I and Axis II disorders that coexist with panic disorders indicated that comorbidities of depression, social and specific phobias, and alcohol abuse comorbidities are different among the genders. However, there appeared to be gender differences in Axis II comorbidities. Key words: Comorbidity, gender differences, panic disorder ÖZET Panik bozukluğu olan hastalarda Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanısı açısından cinsiyet farklılıkları Amaç: Eştanılı durumlar psikiyatrik hastalıkların klinik seyrini, belirti şiddetini ve tedavi cevabını önemli ölçüde etkilerler. Panik bozukluğu, önemli ölçüde yeti yitimine neden olabilen, kişilerarası ilişkilerde azalma, belirli sosyal durumlardan kaçınma, yüksek riskli işlerde çalışmaktan uzak durma, dolayısıyla çalışma performansında azalma ve işsiz kalma gibi ağır sonuçları olabilen bir hastalıktır. Diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklarla sıklıkla birlikte bulunabilmekte, bu durum da yeti yitimini artırmaktadır. Birçok çalışmada panik bozukluğunun kadınlarda sık görülen bir hastalık olduğu, kadın cinsiyetinin panik bozukluğu gelişmesinde önemli bir risk faktörü olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada panik bozukluğuna eşlik eden Eksen I ve Eksen II eştanıları dağılımının...

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