Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), is an ongoing pandemic that has already affected millions of patients worldwide, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality burden. Although the clinical and laboratory characteristics of this illness have been reported in patients from China and Europe, data are scant in the United States. Methods: We extracted data regarding all patients hospitalized at our hospital with COVID-19 infection between March 1 and April 4, 2020. Presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment, and complications were recorded from electronic medical records (EMRs). The primary composite endpoint was admission to intensive care unit (ICU), shock, or death. Results: We had a total of 43 patients tested for COVID-19 at the emergency room (ER) or during hospitalization, 16 (37%) of whom were admitted with COVID-19 infection. The mean age was 65.5 years and 75% were males. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (94%), cough (88%), and dyspnea (81%). A loss of smell and taste sensations were reported by three (19%) patients. Low oxygen saturation was present in 38% of patients, whilst 31% were hypotensive on admission. Hyponatremia (50%), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP; 100%), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; 80%) were common. Acute renal failure, myocardial injury, and elevation in aminotransferases occurred in 69%, 19%, and 38% patients, respectively. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 50% of patients. A total of three patients died; all were aged 70 years or older. Conclusions: Laboratory abnormalities and acute renal failure were common in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection in our center. Admission to ICU and mechanical ventilation were common.

Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in 2019 novel coronavirus: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The included studies consist of a variety of study designs -cross-sectional (n = 22) (12,(16)(17)(18)(19)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41); case-control (n = 3) (42-44); casereport and case series (n = 3) studies (45)(46)(47). Two categories of the MMAT were employed based on the study design to examine the methodological quality of these studies; quantitative non-randomized category for cross-sectional and case-control studies and quantitative descriptive category for case-report and case series ones.…”

“…Two categories of the MMAT were employed based on the study design to examine the methodological quality of these studies; quantitative non-randomized category for cross-sectional and case-control studies and quantitative descriptive category for case-report and case series ones. Of the 28 included studies, one (44) had a MMAT score of 100%, six (19,26,27,38,42,43) (19,29,40); and one study (31) was conducted in European and American countries jointly.…”

“…Self-report could be done through different ways: an online questionnaire (12,19,27,30,34,37), non-online questionnaire (18,32,35,39,43,44), online checklist (17), the COVID RADAR Symptom Tracker app (16), visual analogue scale (VAS) (25), archived medical records (40,41), or verbally (45,46). Four studies (28,29,31,33) did not report how to measure, just extracted from medical records. In three studies (26,27,42), the Sni n' Sticks screening test for smelling disorders was used to perform psychophysical olfactory evaluation.…”

Mortality Data in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU: A Retrospective Study in Brooklyn

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the United States (US) becoming the leading country by number of people infected and associated deaths 5,6 . As of April 20 th , 2020, the rate of infection in New York (NY) has exceeded every other state becoming more than 30% of all of the US cases 7 .…”

“…High mortality rates are predominantly due to severity and rapid spread of the illness associated with the virus 3 . Signi cant differences have been noted in the clinical and demographic features of COVID-19 patients in many regions of the world 6 . Those particularities, as well as distinct local practices, have been shown to play an major role in determining clinical outcomes 8 .…”