Clinical features of inpatients with methamphetamine-induced psychosis

Fasihpour, Bahareh; Molavi, Siamak; Shariat, Seyed Vahid

doi:10.3109/09638237.2012.745184

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The proportion of Bpersistent type^methamphetamine psychosis in the first, second, and third epidemics of methamphetamine use in Japan were respectively 24, 18, and 41 % [33]. Also outside Japan, the long-lasting symptoms have been observed; one third had psychotic symptoms in a 6-month follow-up in a Canadian study [22], and 9 % had symptoms for more than 1 month in an Iranian study [17]. Even if we cannot be totally sure we are talking about the same thing, the Bpersistent^or Bchronic^psy-chosis after the intake of amphetamines would probably be viewed, in a western perspective, as primary psychosis precipitated by the use of amphetamines.…”

Section: Scientific Taxonomy Versus Clinical Realitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Among chronic methamphetamine users, high levels of use in the previous month have been shown to be associated with up to five times increased risk compared to no-users [14•]. The most common single psychotic symptoms in response to use of amphetamines are persecutory delusions and auditory hallucinations [15][16][17].…”

Section: Use Of Amphetamines and Acute Psychotic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if we cannot be totally sure we are talking about the same thing, the Bpersistent^or Bchronic^psy-chosis after the intake of amphetamines would probably be viewed, in a western perspective, as primary psychosis precipitated by the use of amphetamines. Also, the limit of 1 month as differentiating between psychoses from amphetamines and primary psychosis may seem arbitrary [17,22,33].…”

Section: Scientific Taxonomy Versus Clinical Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Relationship Between Amphetamines and Psychosis

Rognli

Bramness

2015

Curr Addict Rep

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Use of amphetamine and methamphetamine (hereafter amphetamines) can cause acute psychotic symptoms and may also contribute to persistent psychotic conditions such as schizophrenia. Still, much remains uncertain about the mechanisms and nature of this relationship. In this paper, we review certain aspects of this relationship, with particular emphasis on papers published during the past 3 years. A review of the literature reveals that, in addition to the established knowledge that amphetamines can cause acute psychotic symptoms, more evidence has emerged that amphetamines may play a role also in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Determining causality for the amphetamine-psychosis association has, however, proven complicated. Reversed causality may be the case, as may be the notion that both use of amphetamines and psychosis reciprocally affect each other with deteriorating effects on both conditions. Clinical features like sensitization to amphetamines precipitating psychosis, that even amphetamineinduced psychosis may persist, and diagnostic transition from amphetamine-induced to primary psychosis suggest a continuous and mutual interaction between individual vulnerability, amphetamine exposure, and psychosis. The high transition rates also point to amphetamine-induced psychosis as a major risk factor for primary psychosis. Mortality rates are high for both psychosis and use of amphetamines, and we lack highquality treatment guidelines to apply when these two conditions occur together. Amphetamine-induced psychosis may be more affiliated with primary psychosis than previously assumed. Some clinical implications are suggested.

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Section: Scientific Taxonomy Versus Clinical Realitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Use Of Amphetamines and Acute Psychotic Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scientific Taxonomy Versus Clinical Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Relationship Between Amphetamines and Psychosis

Rognli

Bramness

2015

Curr Addict Rep

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“…Chronic and/or excessive doses cause impaired memory and learning (Schröder et al 2003;Goncalves et al 2012) and other mental diseases (Fasihpour et al 2013) including addiction. Addiction to MAP and the associated symptoms of disorientation and increased aggressiveness have become a social problem (Rusyniak 2013).…”

Section: Functional Changes In Piriform Cortex Pyramidal Neurons In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic treatment of rats with methamphetamine (MAP) causes a range of functional changes to the central nervous system (CNS), including a toxicity that is widespread throughout the brain (Frost and Cadet 2000;Fasihpour et al 2013). In this report, we examined the effect of chronic MAP treatment on pyramidal neurons of the rat piriform cortex, an area involved in sensory processing, associative learning and a model system for studies on synaptic plasticity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional changes in piriform cortex pyramidal neurons in the chronic methamphetamine-treated rat

Hori¹,

Kadota²,

Akaike³

2015

gpb

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Abstract. Chronic treatment of rats with methamphetamine (MAP) causes a range of functional changes to the central nervous system (CNS), including a toxicity that is widespread throughout the brain (Frost and Cadet 2000;Fasihpour et al. 2013). In this report, we examined the effect of chronic MAP treatment on pyramidal neurons of the rat piriform cortex, an area involved in sensory processing, associative learning and a model system for studies on synaptic plasticity. MAP treatment significantly depolarized the membrane potential and decreased neuronal input resistance. Furthermore, the voltage-dependence of both AMPA and NMDA responses was disturbed by chronic MAP treatment, and the extent of long-term potentiation (LTP) was decreased. Morphological changes of MAP-treated rat pyramidal neurons were observed as blebbing of the dendrite trees. The changes we observed represent detrimental effects on the function of piriform cortical neurons further illustrating deficits in synaptic plasticity extend beyond the hippocampus. These changes may contribute to behavioural deficits in chronic MAP-treated animals.

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A Narrative Review of the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis

Stacy,

Frantz,

Miller

et al. 2024

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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The evaluation and management of methamphetamine-associated psychosis (MAP) is an area of study with a paucity of large-scale, longitudinal data. Methamphetamine use has soared in popularity worldwide in the past decade, leading to a surge in individuals experiencing its neurotoxic effects. Current evidence suggests that methamphetamine causes neurodegeneration and psychosis through VMAT2 inhibition which raises dopamine and GABA levels in the brain’s dopaminergic pathways, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Differentiating MAP from primary psychotic disorders is challenging; high rates of persistent psychosis leading to a diagnosis of primary psychotic disorder and an absence of an etiologic differentiation amongst the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria further complicate the diagnostic process. Once a diagnosis of methamphetamine-associated psychosis is made, benzodiazepines have been shown to provide temporary relief; in addition, depending on the severity and impact of psychotic symptoms, antipsychotics may be indicated both short and long terms for ongoing symptom management. Robust data for these treatments is limited and primarily draws on animal studies or case reports. Further research is needed to codify MAP treatment standards of care.

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Clinical features of inpatients with methamphetamine-induced psychosis

Cited by 33 publications

References 12 publications

Understanding the Relationship Between Amphetamines and Psychosis

Understanding the Relationship Between Amphetamines and Psychosis

Functional changes in piriform cortex pyramidal neurons in the chronic methamphetamine-treated rat

A Narrative Review of the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Methamphetamine-Associated Psychosis

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