Clinical features of severe malaria: Protective effect of mixed plasmodial malaria

Hermansyah, Bagus; Fitri, Loeki Enggar; Sardjono, Teguh Wahju; Endharti, Agustina Tri; Arifin, Samsul; Budiarti, Niniek; Candradikusuma, Didi; Sulistyaningsih, Erma; Berens-Riha, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.11.001

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since red blood cells and haemoglobin are crucial in transferring respiratory gases, this increase in their levels implies that there will be an enhancement in the oxygencarrying capacity of the blood and the amount of oxygen delivered to the tissues following extract administration (Adebayo et al, 2005;Zivot et al, 2018). The fact that the extract was able to stimulate increase in PCV, Hb and RBC could be of great importance in the management of diseases that predispose to anaemia like malaria, where anaemia results from repeated immune and non-immune lysis of infected and uninfected red blood splenic clearance and dyserythropoiesis (Hermansyah et al, 2017;Nsiah et al, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum violaceum Grüke modulates some haematological indices of mice

Zailani¹,

Balogun²,

Adebayo³

2023

dujopas

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Clerodendrum violaceum is an indigenous antimalarial remedy; its antimalarial efficacy has been previously authenticated. Haematological indices are usually affected in several disease conditions and can be affected by ingestion of drugs and medicinal plants. This study evaluates the effects of methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum on haematological indices of mice. Six groups (A-F) of ten mice each were used. Groups B, C, D, E and F were administered 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum respectively. Group A received 5% DMSO and served as control. After fourteen days of administration, five animals from each group were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis of haematological indices. Extract administration continued for another fourteen days after which the remaining animals were sacrificed and treated similarly. After 14 days of administration, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and red blood cell count, at all doses (except 500 mg/kg body weight) compared to control. However, extract administration significantly reduced (p<0.05) white blood cell count at 500 mg/kg body weight only; and significantly (p<0.05) increased lymphocytes at all doses compared to control. After twenty-eight days, there was no significant alteration (p>0.05) in all red blood cell indices except red blood cell count and haemoglobin which were significantly reduced (p<0.05) at 500 mg/kg body weight while mean corpuscular volume significantly increased (p<0.05) at the same dose. White blood cell indices were not altered significantly (p>0.05) except lymphocytes which significantly increased (p<0.05) at all doses compared to control. The methanol leaf extract of Clerodendrum violaceum increased red blood cells which may be beneficial in counteracting conditions that predispose to anaemia and hypoxia and increased lymphocytes which can strengthen immunity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum violaceum Grüke modulates some haematological indices of mice

Zailani¹,

Balogun²,

Adebayo³

2023

dujopas

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“…NLR was proposed as a marker for stress and inflammation. Therefore, the higher the levels of malaria parasitemia, the higher the induced stress and inflammation level [8,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Immune-Inflammatory Markers in Severe Malaria Patients

Idemudia¹,

Ogefere²,

Omoregie³

2021

Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Objectives:The role of some basic immune-inflammatory markers in malaria is yet to be investigated in our locality. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between some predictive immune-inflammatory markers and malaria among malaria-infected persons in Benin City, Nigeria.Methods: EDTA blood specimens were collected from 400 malaria patients attending outpatient clinics and in the wards of major hospitals in Benin City. The blood samples were used for malaria parasite density determination and complete blood count analysis of some basic inflammatory markers such as Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte/Neutrophil Ratio (MNR), Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), Monocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR) and Systemic Immuneinflammatory Index (SII) were calculated from the obtained parameter of the Full Blood Count and the data analyzed.Results: Levels of parasitemia amongst malaria patients were not significantly affected by all the demographic characteristics profiled in this study. Eosinophils percentage count was significantly higher in individuals with high parasitemia (p=0.0121). Of all the Socio-demographic factors analyzed in this study, only living arrangements affected the MPV of malaria patients, showing that MPV was significantly higher in patients living in one room (p=0.0407). Immune inflammatory markers correlated significantly and positively with malaria MLR (r=0.322, p<0.0001), MNR (r=0.241, p<0.0001), NLR (r=0.122, p=0.015), SII (r=0.115, p=0.022) and PLR (r=0.109, p=0.030). Conclusion:NLR, MNR, MLR, PLR, and SII are positively associated with malaria parasitemia. Therefore, these inflammatory immune markers can be used as a cost-effective way of assessing malaria severity as well as for malaria prognosis.

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“…An estimated 241 M cases and 627,000 deaths were reported in 2020 with the highest disease burden occurring in the sub-Saharan Africa (Cravo 2022 ; Nghochuzie et al 2020 ). The major parasite species responsible for global malaria incidences are P. vivax; the most wide spread (Angrisano and Robinson 2022 ) and P. falciparum (Hermansyah et al 2017 ) the most virulent (Tachibana et al 2022 ). Acquired immunity (Joseph et al 2019 ) which develops after a few episodes of parasite infections is short-lived (Horata et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimalarial activity assay of artesunate-3-chloro-4(4-chlorophenoxy) aniline in vitro and in mice models

et al. 2023

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The global spread of multi-drug resistant P. falciparum , P. vivax , and P. malariae strains and absence of long-term effective vaccine makes chemotherapy the mainstay of malaria control strategies in endemic settings. The Mossman’s assay and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2001 guideline 423, were used to determine the cytotoxicity and acute oral toxicity of a novel hybrid drug, artesunate-3-Chloro-4(4-chlorophenoxy) aniline (ATSA), in vitro and in vivo, respectively. A modified Desjardins method was used to screen for antiplasmodial activity using P. falciparum (3D 7 and W 2 ) strains in vitro. The Peter’s 4-day suppressive tests (4DTs) was used to evaluate the in vivo antimalaria activity using P. berghei ANKA strain, lumefantrine resistant (LuR), and piperaquine resistant (PQR) P. berghei lines. In silico prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles was assayed using PreADMET online prediction tool. The reference drug in all experiments was artesunate (ATS). Statistical significance between ATSA’s activities in treated and control mice was evaluated by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results show that inhibitory concentrations-50 (IC 50 ) of ATSA is 11.47 ± 1.3 (3D 7 ) and 1.45 ± 0.26 (W 2 ) against 4.66 ± 0.93 (3D 7 ) and 0.60 ± 0.15 (W 2 ) ng/ml of ATS with a selective index of 2180.91(3D 7 ) and a therapeutic index (TI) of > 71). No mortalities were observed in acute oral toxicity assays and mean weight differences for test and controls were statistically insignificant ( P > 0.05). The in vivo activity of ATSA was above 40% with effective dosage-50 (ED 50 ) of 4.211, 2.601, and 3.875 mg/kg body weight against P. berghei ANKA , LuR, and PQR lines, respectively. The difference between treated and control mice was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). ATSA has high intestinal absorption (HIA) > 95% and has medium human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) K + channel inhibition risks. Preclinical and clinical studies on ATSA are recommended to evaluate its value in developing novel drugs for future management of multi-drug resistant malaria parasites.

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Clinical features of severe malaria: Protective effect of mixed plasmodial malaria

Cited by 4 publications

References 19 publications

Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum violaceum Grüke modulates some haematological indices of mice

Methanol Leaf Extract of Clerodendrum violaceum Grüke modulates some haematological indices of mice

Use of Immune-Inflammatory Markers in Severe Malaria Patients

Antimalarial activity assay of artesunate-3-chloro-4(4-chlorophenoxy) aniline in vitro and in mice models

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