Background/Objective: This study aims to describe in detail the characteristics of the different jaw bone lesions seen in cone beam computed tomography examinations, from a retrospective analysis. Methods: All the preoperative examinations of cone beam computed tomography of intraosseous lesions of the jaws were retrospectively reviewed from patients treated at the Department of Stomatology of a Brazilian University, from 2008 to 2017. The following data were collected: sex, age, location, density and size of the lesion, relation to an unerupted tooth, margins, cortical and/or perforation, tooth displacement, root resorption, presence of calcifications, and proximity to anatomical structures. Fisher's exact test was used to verify associations between the variables. Results: We identified 28 lesions, all of which were benign: 14 odontogenic keratocysts, 5 odontomas, 3 dentigerous cysts, 2 ameloblastomas, 1 ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, 1 cementoblastoma, 1 adenomatoid odontogenic tumour, and 1 calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst. Of these lesions, 23 affected the mandible, and 5 the maxilla. The lesions were subdivided into aggressive and non-aggressive, and when compared, there was a difference only for the cortical cone perforation variable (p <0.05), which was more prevalent in aggressive lesions, suggesting that this characteristic is an important indicator of pathological behaviour. Conclusions: An accurate identification of the characteristics of bone lesions of the buccomaxillofacial complex, using cone beam computed tomography, can guide diagnostic hypotheses, in addition to guiding the management, thus, providing a more appropriate treatment for each individualized case.