Clinical impact of combined viral and bacterial infection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Johansson, Niclas; Kalin, Mats; Hedlund, Jonas

doi:10.3109/00365548.2011.570785

Cited by 63 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 200 publications

(406 reference statements)

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“…In the study of Johnstone et al; mortality, duration of hospitalization and acceptance rates to intensive care units were similar for both groups [29]. However, in other studies, concomitance of rhinovirus and pneumococci were found to be associated with severe pneumonia [6,13] and it was reported that patients infected with a virus and a bacterial pathogen more often develop severe CAP with a longer hospitalization [32]. In our study, further evaluation could not be performed due to the low number of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Bacterial and viral etiology in hospitalized community acquired pneumonia with molecular methods and clinical evaluation

Serin

Pullukçu

Çiçek

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method has improved the diagnosis rates for patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to evaluate the bacterial and viral etiology of hospitalized CAP cases and compare clinical and laboratory findings of patients with pure bacterial and bacterial and viral (mixed) infections. Methodology: A total of 55 patients hospitalized with CAP were enrolled into the prospective study between February 2010 and December 2010. Clinical and laboratory follow-up were performed on days 0, 7 and 14. Deep tracheal aspiration samples were examined for bacterial and viral pathogens by multiplex PCR, and standard bacteriological culture method. Results: The etiological identification rate in 50 patients for bacteria, viruses and mixed virus-bacteria combination by PCR were 62%, 4%, 32%, respectively and 60% in 55 patients by bacterial culture method. Streptococcus pneumoniae concomitant with Haemophilus influenzae (36%) and rhinovirus (16%) was very common, whereas atypical pathogens (only Mycoplasma pneumoniae) were rare (6%). Rhinovirus was the most common viral agent (20%). Recently identified viruses, human coronavirus HKU1 and human bocavirus were not detected except for human metapneumovirus (one case). There was no significant difference in terms of mean age, immune status, leukocyte count, Creactive protein (CRP) values, hospitalization duration and CURB-65 score between bacterial and mixed viral-bacterial detections. Advanced age (p < 0.01) and higher CURB-65 score (p = 0.01) were found to be associated with increased mortality. Conclusion: Concomitance of bacterial and viral agents is frequent and resemble with bacterial infections alone. Further studies are needed for the clinical significance of mixed detections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Bacterial and viral etiology in hospitalized community acquired pneumonia with molecular methods and clinical evaluation

Serin

Pullukçu

Çiçek

et al. 2014

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…It remains unclear whether a bacterial coinfection is associated with more severe disease. Some previous reports (1,4,34) have shown that viral-bacterial coinfections were associated with more severe clinical disease as measured by the Pneumonia Severity Index (35), and/or longer hospital stays, but other studies found no such associations (2, 3). Our study differs from previous studies in that we only studied patients with severe pneumonia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Viral Infection in Patients with Severe Pneumonia Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission

Choi

Hong²,

Ko³

et al. 2012

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

305

292

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“…Studies on adults have reported the presence of RSV in between 6.1% and 10.0% of patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms [22],[24]. RSV infection in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pediatric cases varies between 19.8% and 30.5% [25],[26] and it is estimated at about 3.8% in adults [27]. Approximately half of the cases of RSV-induced CAP in children ?3 years of age present with co-infection from other viral agents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social, economic, and health impact of the respiratory syncytial virus: a systematic search

et al. 2014

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BackgroundBronchiolitis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its related complications are common in infants born prematurely, with severe congenital heart disease, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, as well as in immunosuppressed infants. There is a rich literature on the different aspects of RSV infection with a focus, for the most part, on specific risk populations. However, there is a need for a systematic global analysis of the impact of RSV infection in terms of use of resources and health impact on both children and adults. With this aim, we performed a systematic search of scientific evidence on the social, economic, and health impact of RSV infection.MethodsA systematic search of the following databases was performed: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Spanish Medical Index, MEDES-MEDicina in Spanish, Cochrane Plus Library, and Google without time limits. We selected 421 abstracts based on the 6,598 articles identified. From these abstracts, 4 RSV experts selected the most relevant articles. They selected 65 articles. After reading the full articles, 23 of their references were also selected. Finally, one more article found through a literature information alert system was included.ResultsThe information collected was summarized and organized into the following topics: 1. Impact on health (infections and respiratory complications, mid- to long-term lung function decline, recurrent wheezing, asthma, other complications such as otitis and rhino-conjunctivitis, and mortality; 2. Impact on resources (visits to primary care and specialists offices, emergency room visits, hospital admissions, ICU admissions, diagnostic tests, and treatments); 3. Impact on costs (direct and indirect costs); 4. Impact on quality of life; and 5. Strategies to reduce the impact (interventions on social and hygienic factors and prophylactic treatments).ConclusionsWe concluded that 1. The health impact of RSV infection is relevant and goes beyond the acute episode phase; 2. The health impact of RSV infection on children is much better documented than the impact on adults; 3. Further research is needed on mid- and long-term impact of RSV infection on the adult population, especially those at high-risk; 4. There is a need for interventions aimed at reducing the impact of RSV infection by targeting health education, information, and prophylaxis in high-risk populations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0544-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Clinical impact of combined viral and bacterial infection in patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Abstract: Patients infected with a virus and a bacterial pathogen more often develop severe CAP and have a longer hospitalization than those with a bacterial etiology alone.

Cited by 63 publications

References 200 publications

Bacterial and viral etiology in hospitalized community acquired pneumonia with molecular methods and clinical evaluation

Bacterial and viral etiology in hospitalized community acquired pneumonia with molecular methods and clinical evaluation

Viral Infection in Patients with Severe Pneumonia Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission

Social, economic, and health impact of the respiratory syncytial virus: a systematic search

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