Clinical Impact of Regulatory T cells (Treg) in Cancer and HIV

Whiteside, Theresa L.

doi:10.1007/s12307-014-0159-1

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…[3,18,196] Regulating the TME by interfering the undesired cells or molecules can be a practical method to promote the anticancer immunity. [3,18,196] Regulating the TME by interfering the undesired cells or molecules can be a practical method to promote the anticancer immunity.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/advs201900101mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Nanosystems

et al. 2019

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Immunotherapy has emerged as an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Immunomodulatory nanosystems can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome many obstacles facing the treatment method, such as inadequate immune stimulation, off‐target side effects, and bioactivity loss of immune agents during circulation. In recent years, researchers have continuously developed nanomaterials with new structures, properties, and functions. This Review provides the most recent advances of nanotechnology for immunostimulation and immunosuppression. In cancer immunotherapy, nanosystems play an essential role in immune cell activation and tumor microenvironment modulation, as well as combination with other antitumor approaches. In infectious diseases, many encouraging outcomes from using nanomaterial vaccines against viral and bacterial infections have been reported. In addition, nanoparticles also potentiate the effects of immunosuppressive immune cells for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Finally, the challenges and prospects of applying nanotechnology to modulate immunotherapy are discussed.

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Section: Doi: 101002/advs201900101mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory Nanosystems

et al. 2019

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“…In contrast, tolerogenic APCs, Tregs, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) that suppress adequate tumor immune response were correlated with poor treatment outcomes [37,38]. Serum markers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein, and VEGF have been associated with CTLA-4 Ab therapy outcome [39].…”

Section: Immunotherapeutic Agents In Melanoma Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy of Melanoma

Bender

Hassel²,

Enk³

2016

Oncol Res Treat

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Arising from melanocytes in skin, mucosal membranes, eye, and meninges, melanoma is a tumor that has been associated with poor prognosis in advanced disease stages. Given the poor response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, new treatment approaches with targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and adoptive T-cell therapy have revolutionized the standard of care for patients with advanced melanoma. This review provides a short overview of past, present, and future immunotherapeutic approaches and their limitations, with a focus on new combination agents in early clinical trials.

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“…IL-21 antitumor activities have been exploited in association with several other molecules, which showed additive or synergistic effects [ 112 ]. For example, CD4 + CD25 high FoxP3 + Treg are frequently increased in tumor bearing hosts and contribute to tumor-related immune suppression, since they can be induced by tumor-deriving factors [ 113 , 114 ]. Therefore, the use of antibodies targeting Treg cells has been exploited in preclinical studies, in combination with IL-21-based immunotherapy.…”

Section: Preclinical Studies Of Il-21 Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

IL-21: A Pleiotropic Cytokine with Potential Applications in Oncology

Croce

Rigo

Ferrini

2015

Journal of Immunology Research

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Interleukin- (IL-) 21 is a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the activity of both innate and specific immunity. Indeed, it costimulates T and natural killer (NK) cell proliferation and function and regulates B cell survival and differentiation and the function of dendritic cells. In addition, IL-21 exerts divergent effects on different lymphoid cell leukemia and lymphomas, as it may support cell proliferation or on the contrary induce growth arrest or apoptosis of the neoplastic lymphoid cells. Several preclinical studies showed that IL-21 has antitumor activity in different tumor models, through mechanism involving the activation of NK and T or B cell responses. Moreover, IL-21's antitumor activity can be potentiated by its combination with other immune-enhancing molecules, monoclonal antibodies recognizing tumor antigens, chemotherapy, or molecular targeted agents. Clinical phase I-II studies of IL-21 in cancer patients showed immune stimulatory properties, acceptable toxicity profile, and antitumor effects in a fraction of patients. In view of its tolerability, IL-21 is also suitable for combinational therapeutic regimens with other agents. This review will summarize the biological functions of IL-21, and address its role in lymphoid malignancies and preclinical and clinical studies of cancer immunotherapy.

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Clinical Impact of Regulatory T cells (Treg) in Cancer and HIV

Cited by 26 publications

References 59 publications

Immunomodulatory Nanosystems

Immunomodulatory Nanosystems

Immunotherapy of Melanoma

IL-21: A Pleiotropic Cytokine with Potential Applications in Oncology

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