Clinical Implications of Hand Position and Lower Limb Length Measurement Method on Y-Balance Test Scores and Interpretations

Hébert‐Losier, Kim

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-52.8.02

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Accordingly, the influence of arm movements on postural control only appears to be evident underchallenging constraints or task demands. For example, restricting arm movements impairs performance in functional mobility tests (i.e., timed-up and-go) (Milosevic et al, 2011), reduces dynamic postural control (i.e., Y Balance test) (Hébert-Losier, 2017) and impairs mechanisms to minimize postural sway during quiet tandem standing (Patel et al, 2014). In addition, arm movements play a functional role in postural recovery during standing (Allum et al, 2002; Maki and McIlroy, 2006) and walking (Marigold et al, 2003; Roos et al, 2008; Pijnappels et al, 2010), further strengthening the hypothesis that the upper extremities play an important role during challenging postural tasks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The demands placed on the postural control system during dynamic postural tasks (i.e., walking across a narrow beam or standing on a single limb and reaching with the contralateral limb), are considerably greater than standing or walking (Boström et al, 2018). Although evidence has demonstrated a degradation in postural control with restricted arm movements in young (Patel et al, 2014; Hébert-Losier, 2017; Boström et al, 2018) and intermediate aged (Milosevic et al, 2011) adults, little is known about the role of arm movements on dynamic postural control in children. Indeed, there is a reasonable theoretical basis for expectation that arm movements will make a substantial and functionally relevant contribution to dynamic postural tasks in children, because their neuromuscular system is not yet fully matured and fundamental motor skills are still emerging (Granacher and Gollhofer, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic Postural Control in Children: Do the Arms Lend the Legs a Helping Hand?

et al. 2019

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There is growing empirical evidence lending support to the existence of an “upper body strategy” to extend the ankle and hip strategies in maintaining upright postural stability among adults. Both postural stability and arm movement functions are still developing in children. Therefore, enquiry concerning arm contribution to postural stability among children is needed. This proof of concept study seeks to determine whether the arms play a functionally relevant role in dynamic postural control among children. Twenty-nine children (girls, n = 15; age, 10.6 ± 0.5 years; height, 1.48 ± 0.08 m; mass, 42.8 ± 11.4 kg; BMI, 19.2 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed three dynamic balance tests; (1) Y Balance test®, (2) timed balance beam walking test, (3) transition from dynamic to static balance using the dynamic postural stability index (DPSI). Each test was performed with free and restricted arm movement. Restricting arm movements elicited a marked degradation in the Y Balance reach distance (all directions, P ≤ 0.001, d = -0.85 to -1.13) and timed balance beam walking test (P ≤ 0.001, d = 1.01), while the DPSI was the only metric that was not different between free and restricted arm movements (P = 0.335, d = -0.08). This study provides direct evidence that the arms play a functionally relevant role in dynamic balance performance among children. These findings may provide the impetus to develop training interventions to improve the use of the arms in activities of daily living.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Postural Control in Children: Do the Arms Lend the Legs a Helping Hand?

et al. 2019

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“…Thigh length (cm) was measured between the greater trochanter and the lateral femoral condyle [ 34 ]. Lower-limb length was measured in a supine position from the most inferior aspect of the anterior superior iliac spine to the most distal aspect of the medial malleoli [ 35 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Correlate of Cardiovascular, Anthropometric, and Physical Risk Factors: Using the Ruffier Test as a Template

Alahmari

Rengaramanujam

Samuel

et al. 2020

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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Background. Assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a standard procedure in routine clinical practices. Early identification of risk factors through screening is vital in the fight against chronic diseases. Evaluation of CRF can impose cost implications in the clinical setting; thus, a simple and easy-to-use test is to be advocated. The Ruffier test is a simple test that can assess CRF, and it is necessary to find whether the test reflects the effects of compounding factors in CRF. Objective. This study aims to determine the association between CRF (estimated VO2max) with cardiovascular, anthropometric, and physical risk factors using the Ruffier test. Methods. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 52 male participants was conducted. Before the Ruffier test, each participant’s body weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, thigh length, lower-limb length, thigh circumference, physical activity, blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, and pulmonary functions were recorded, and these factors correlated with CRF. Results. There was a significant inverse relationship found between the estimated VO2max and age, height, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, a sum of skinfold, fat percentage, thigh length, lower-limb length, thigh circumference, smoking, blood pressure, heart rates, and diabetes p<0.05. A significant positive correlation was found between the estimated VO2max with physical activity and respiratory functions p<0.05. In the multivariable model, body weight and resting heart rate were significantly inversely associated with the estimated VO2maxp<0.05. Conclusion. Using the Ruffier test, various risk factors of CRF are correlated with the estimated VO2max. This test reflects the effects of different compounding factors on CRF; therefore, it can be used in routine clinical practices to identify the risk factors early.

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“…The test consists in keeping the standing position one-legged with the hands placed at the hips on the leg placed on the stand arranged so that the big finger touches the horizontal line [23]. second, isometric -2 seconds and eccentric -4 seconds in order to activate the muscle in the best possible way.…”

Section: Y-balance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of exercise of lower limbs on dynamic balance and valgus of the knees among young footballers

Wilczyński

Zorena

2019

Preprint

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Background Participation of children and youth in sporting activities, among others in training and football competitions, is an optimistic manifestation of activation in the current trend of computerization. Unfortunately, this is also often associated with musculoskeletal injuries. An example is the association of dynamic valgus and disturbed dynamic balance with lower limb injuries. The main purpose of the studies is to determine the impact of three strengthening exercises on the parameters of dynamic knee valgus and balance of lower limbs. The secondary objectives are to investigate the dominant influence and the length of lower limb on the valgus values and to determine risk of injury to young football players. Methods 134 young footballers training at the Arka Gdynia SI club were invited to first stage of the research in order to examine anthropometric features and kinematics of the lower limb. Single Leg Squat Test was used, which was recorded. The samples were analyzed video to determine exact knee angle of valgus. During the second stage, to which players with valgus knee were qualified (≥15˚), the Y-Balance Test was additionally used. Intervention group underwent an exercise program to strengthen gluteus medius, popliteal and tibialis posterior muscles for 6 weeks to repeat tests in the third stage. Results Statistical methods used at the assumed level of significance allow to conclude that there are no differences in results of dynamic valgus (≥15˚) and dynamic balance between the intervention group and control group during the 6 week period between stages. In addition, there were results confirming the lack of influence of length and dominant lower limb on valgus. Results of composite direction in the Y-Balance Test test determine the low risk of injury in both intervention and control groups. Conclusions Intervention did not affect the dynamic valgus and knee balance in young football players. Both the length and the dominant limb did not affect the results. The "low risk" occurrence of injuries among the examined participants with valgus knee due to the values of dynamic balance was determined.

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Clinical Implications of Hand Position and Lower Limb Length Measurement Method on Y-Balance Test Scores and Interpretations

Cited by 24 publications

References 28 publications

Dynamic Postural Control in Children: Do the Arms Lend the Legs a Helping Hand?

Dynamic Postural Control in Children: Do the Arms Lend the Legs a Helping Hand?

Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Correlate of Cardiovascular, Anthropometric, and Physical Risk Factors: Using the Ruffier Test as a Template

The impact of exercise of lower limbs on dynamic balance and valgus of the knees among young footballers

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