Clinical implications of risk aversion: An online study of risk-avoidance and treatment utilization in pathological anxiety

Lorian, Carolyn N.; Grisham, Jessica R.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.04.008

Cited by 63 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, we will contend in this review that perturbations in motivation might actually also underlie aspects of anxiety, such as the “motivation to avoid.” In the same way that the striatum becomes overly activated by the motivation to acquire drugs, the striatum may become overactive by the motivation to avoid danger. Risk avoidance, which is defined as the avoidance of stimuli or situations with uncertain outcomes, is at the core of anxiety disorders (Lorian and Grisham, 2011; Maner et al, 2007). Similarly, the personality trait of harm avoidance, defined as a proclivity to respond intensely to aversive stimuli and to learn to passively avoid punishment, novelty, or frustrating non-reward is highly associated with anxiety (Cloninger et al, 1993; Montag et al, 2010).…”

Section: Striatum and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striatum on the anxiety map: Small detours into adolescence

et al. 2017

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Adolescence is the most sensitive period for the development of pathological anxiety. Moreover, specific neural changes associated with the striatum might be related to adolescent vulnerability to anxiety. Up to now, the study of anxiety has primarily focused on the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), while the striatum has typically not been considered as part of the anxiety system. This review proposes the addition of the striatum, a complex, multi-component structure, to the anxiety network by underscoring two lines of research. First, the co-occurrence of the adolescent striatal development with the peak vulnerability of adolescents to anxiety disorders might potentially reflect a causal relationship. Second, the recognition of the role of the striatum in fundamental behavioral processes that do affect anxiety supports the putative importance of the striatum in anxiety. These behavioral processes include (1) attention, (2) conditioning/prediction error, and (3) motivation. This review proposes a simplistic schematic representation of the anxiety circuitry that includes the striatum, and aims to promote further work in this direction, as the role of the striatum in shaping an anxiety phenotype during adolescence could have critical implications for understanding and preventing the peak onset of anxiety disorders during this period.

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Section: Striatum and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striatum on the anxiety map: Small detours into adolescence

et al. 2017

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“…These scores were comparable to a sample of individuals with a primary diagnosis of GAD in a recent online study (Lorian & Grisham, 2011). Based on normative data reported by Blais and Weber (2006) and as described by Weber et al (2002), participants were categorized into risk averse (1 SD below the mean), risk-neutral and risk-seeking (1 SD above the mean).…”

Section: Risk-takingmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…; see for review Schonberg, Fox, & Poldrack, 2011). Despite decades of research, however, there are very few studies investigating risk-taking (or risk-avoidant) attitudes and behavior in clinical populations and the subsequent real-world implications of risk-taking preferences-such as whether risk-taking influences treatment seeking behavior (Lorian & Grisham, 2011). In particular, few studies have examined whether risk-taking propensity changes following cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT; Aklin, Tull, Kahler, & Lejuez, 2009;West, Fretz, & Macdonald, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder

Lorian

Titov

Grisham

2012

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…Because of this, not having the encounter can be perceived as risky, but having the encounter can also be perceived as risky . Risk averse individuals avoid risky behaviors (Lorian and Grisham 2011). It is not clear if parents are more likely to perceive having or not having well-child visits as risky because this phenomenon has not been studied.…”

Section: Parent's Risk Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If encounters are risky, risk averse parents will expect negative outcomes from those encounters (Lorian and Grisham 2011). If not having encounters is risky, risk averse parents will expect positive outcomes from those encounters (i.e.…”

Section: Parent's Risk Aversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Parental Health Coverage on Insured Children's Utilization of Health Care Services

2011

Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

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years or less who were insured through the same source(s) for the entire year and had a primary parent who was either insured or uninsured the entire year. The dependent variable for the entire sample was whether or not the child had at least one well-child visit during the year. The dependent variables for the subsample of children with asthma were (1) whether or not the child had at least one asthma-related physician visit and (2) whether or not the child had at least two asthma-related physician visits. The independent variables were the same for the three analyses and were selected to represent the Social Cognitive Theory determinants. These included parent (insurance, sex, worry, education, language, employment, health use, health, risk aversion, and self care expectation), child (source of coverage, age, health, race, and oldest child), and 2 household (Metropolitan Statistical Area, region, number of children, number of parents, and income) variables. Probit and bivariate probit models were estimated for each dependent variable.The percentage of children with insured parents that had a well-child visit during the year was significantly higher than the percentage of children with uninsured parents that had a well-child visit (50.6% vs. 42.8%, respectively). However, multivariate analyses revealed no significant relationship between parental insurance and well-child visits. The percentages of children with insured and uninsured parents that had an asthma-related physician visit were 29.6% and 32.6%, respectively. The percentages that had at least two asthma-related visits were 14.9% and 14.6%, respectively. No significant relationship was found between parental insurance and asthma-related physician visits. The region of the United States where the child lived and whether the child's parent was employed were associated with each type of utilization. Other determinants were also associated with children's utilization, but these varied with the type of utilization. In conclusion, insured children with insured parents are no more likely to have a well-child or asthma-related physician visit during the year than insured children with uninsured parents.Abstract Approved: ________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ________________________________________

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Clinical implications of risk aversion: An online study of risk-avoidance and treatment utilization in pathological anxiety

Cited by 63 publications

References 53 publications

Striatum on the anxiety map: Small detours into adolescence

Striatum on the anxiety map: Small detours into adolescence

Changes in risk-taking over the course of an internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for generalized anxiety disorder

Impact of Parental Health Coverage on Insured Children's Utilization of Health Care Services

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