Clinical Implications of Suspended Scattering Particles in Motion Observed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Abstract

the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between suspended scattering particles in motion (SSpiM) in optical coherence tomography angiography (octA) and treatment response in diabetic macular edema (DMe). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with DMe who had undergone intravitreal injection. the optical density ratio (oDR) of the intraretinal cyst and the numbers of hyperreflective foci from OCT images and SSPiM from OCTA images were compared, and their association with treatment response was analyzed. Forty-five eyes from 45 patients were included in this study. twenty-four patients were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, and 21 patients were treated with a steroid. Binary logistic regression model showed that SSPiM in OCTA images was associated with hyperreflective foci numbers (P = 0.038) and mean oDR of the intraretinal cyst (P = 0.006). Linear regression model showed that SSPiM in the inner nuclear layer was related to treatment response (P = 0.006). SSPiM on OCTA images is related to the poor structural response to treatment in DMe.

Reproducing diabetic retinopathy features using newly developed human induced‐pluripotent stem cell‐derived retinal Müller glial cells

“…However, the relationship between dyslipidemia and DR is still poorly understood, and discrepancies in the association between the class of plasma lipids and DR progression suggest that subtle changes in lipid composition, that remains to be determined, may be responsible for DR worsening (Chang & Wu, 2013). Clinically, a poor response to anti‐VEGF treatment has been associated with the presence of lipoproteinaceous debris and cholesterol crystals that compose the fluid of hyperreflective cystoid spaces found in DME patients (Ahn, Han, Ahn, Kim, & Oh, 2020; Horii et al, 2012; Kashani et al, 2018). HiMGCs that strongly respond to plasma lipids such as PA will be a valuable tool to help to understand the biology of lipids associated with DR progression.…”

A Swept source optical coherence tomography angiography study: Imaging artifacts and comparison of non-perfusion areas with fluorescein angiography in diabetic macular edema

“…One type was associated with hyperreflective material, but nevertheless about 30 percent of the artifacts did not show hyperreflective material. Therefore it is hypothesized that SSPiM is caused by a more severe blood retinal barrier breakdown; patients with diabetic macular edema presenting with SSPiM in OCTA demonstrated a poor structural response to treatment [ 33 ].…”

Ironing Out the Details: How Iron Orchestrates Macrophage Polarization

“…It is well accepted that, under normal conditions, iron always binds with ferritin (Ft) in macrophages ( 33 ); nevertheless, iron homeostasis and expression of iron-regulated genes strikingly shift during macrophage polarization. For example, in classically-activated macrophages (M1-like, pro-inflammatory phenotype), expression of Hamp (encoding for hepcidin) and FtH / FtL (encoding for ferritin) are highly up-regulated; while FPN (encoding for ferroportin) and IRP1 / 2 (iron regulatory proteins) are down-regulated ( 34 , 35 ). Such different expression of Fe-regulated genes in polarized macrophages suggests that iron might be associated with macrophage activation.…”