Clinical Indications for Echocardiography

Otto, Catherine M.; Schwaegler, Rebecca Gibbons; Freeman, Rosario V.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2021-1.00005-9

Cited by 51 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…Maximal systolic velocity of myocardial tissue of septal and lateral walls (Sm waves) were obtained by tissue Doppler imaging of lateral and septal wall of the left ventricle, using pulsed Doppler echocardiography with the 2 to 3 mm sample volume positioned about 1 cm from the mitral annulus in apical 4-chamber view. Early diastolic filling velocity of the left ventricle (E wave) was obtained using pulsed Doppler echocardiography with the 2 to 3 mm sample volume positioned at the mitral leaflet tips with the beam aligned parallel to stream in apical 4-chamber view [22]. Early diastolic myocardial tissue velocity (Ea wave) was obtained using pulsed Doppler echocardiography with the 2 to 3 mm sample volume positioned in the myocardium of the basal ventricular wall, about 1 cm from the mitral annulus from the basal septum and basal lateral walls in apical 4-chamber view [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early diastolic myocardial tissue velocity (Ea wave) was obtained using pulsed Doppler echocardiography with the 2 to 3 mm sample volume positioned in the myocardium of the basal ventricular wall, about 1 cm from the mitral annulus from the basal septum and basal lateral walls in apical 4-chamber view [22]. E wave and septal and lateral Ea waves were recorded at end expiration during normal breathing [22]. Septal E/Ea and lateral E/Ea were calculated as markers of diastolic function.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Thiamine Supplementation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Receiving Optimum Medical Treatment

2017

JCCR

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Background: Thiamine deficiency may cause heart failure and symptoms including edema, palpitation, tachycardia, weakness, malaise, and dyspnea due to water and salt retention and peripheral vasodilation. Patients with heart failure might be thiamine deficient and benefit thiamine supplementation. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of thiamin supplementation on some systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters and signs and symptoms of heart failure.Methods: Fifty two patients with systolic heart failure (LVEF < 40%) receiving optimum medical treatment, were randomized to receive 300mg thiamine or placebo for 1 month in a double-blind fashion (26 patients in each group). Echocardiographies were performed before and after treatment by a single investigator and sign and symptoms were evaluated (clinicaltrials.gov Identifier # NCT01115504). Results:Mean age was 61.44 ± 11.8 years and 67.3% were male. Maximal systolic tissue velocity of of septal and lateral walls (Sm waves) increased 0. 99 ± 1.46 and 0.83 ± 1.58 cm/s in thiamine group and changed 0.005± 1.63 and -0.1 ± 1.83 cm/s in placebo group (P = 0.033 and P = 0.044) respectievely. Ejection fraction or diastolic echocardiographic parameters were not influenced by thiamine supplementation and there was no significant effect on daily activities and dyspnea. However, peripheraledema improved in 9 patients (34.6%) of thiamine group versus 1 of the placebo group (3.8%) (P = 0.005). Conclusion:In the present study thiamine supplementation had some positive effect on edema and systolic function through an increase of lateral and septal Sm. However usefulness of routine supplementation needs more study Keywords: Thiamine; Heart failure; Edema; Signs and Symptoms, regimen of the patients in the past 3 months, due to aggravated symptoms or optimization of dosage for a survival benefit according to the present guidelines. Excluded patients were those with decompensated heart failure, bradycardia or tachycardia (needing a change in drug dosage or regimen), concomitant medical illness e.g. chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and uncontrolled hypertension.The study was a single-site randomized placebo-controlled double blind trial and enrolled patients were randomized by means of block randomization method by a single pharmacist. Patients were assigned to randomly receive 300mg daily of thiamine (HakimVitamin B1300®, Hakim pharmaceutical industry, Tehran, Iran) (n=26, thiamine group) or placebo (Hakim pharmaceutical industry, Tehran, Iran) (n=26, placebo group) for 30 days in a double-blind fashion.At randomization and at the end of study, echocardiography (Sonace 8000 EX, South Korea) was performed by a single operator in a blinded fashion. Ejection fraction was measured in 2D echocardiography in apical 4 chamber and apical 2 chamber views by means of Simpson method. Maximal systolic velocity of myocardial tissue of septal and lateral walls (Sm waves) were obtained by tissue Doppler imaging of lateral and septal wal...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Thiamine Supplementation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Receiving Optimum Medical Treatment

2017

JCCR

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“…The ventricular diastolic filling pattern (E and A waves) is frequently used to represent the ventricular relaxation, which is affected by several factors such as internal loading forces, wall stress, and myocardial contraction. 17 There are many clinical reports of the E-wave velocity and E/A ratio being decreased in patients with ischemic myocardial injury, 18 and of the E-wave velocity being faster for young adults than for older adults (as well as E/A ratio usually also decreasing with age), which may be attributed to reductions of the ventricular compliance and contraction. 25 However, the E-wave velocity and E/A ratio of the zebrafish were increased after partial amputation of the ventricle, which means that myocardial injury appears to promote ventricular diastolic filling.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Duplex echocardiography including color M-mode imaging (CMI) and pulsed-wave Doppler sonography has been extensively used for diagnosing cardiovascular diseases in human 17,18 and in studies of small animals such as rats and mice. 19,20 Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is a relatively new echocardiography technique proposed for the clinical evaluation of the cardiac functions of the human heart.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Tissue Doppler Imaging of the Zebrafish Heart During Its Regeneration

Huang

Shih

2015

Zebrafish

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The human heart cannot regenerate after injury, whereas the adult zebrafish can fully regenerate its heart even after 20% of the ventricle is amputated. Many studies have begun to reveal the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this regenerative process, which have exciting implications for human cardiac diseases. However, the dynamic functions of the zebrafish heart during regeneration are not yet understood. This study established a high-resolution echocardiography for tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the zebrafish heart to explore the cardiac functions during different regeneration phases. Experiments were performed on AB-line adult zebrafish (n = 40) in which 15% of the ventricle was surgically removed. An 80-MHz ultrasound TDI based on color M-mode imaging technology was employed. The cardiac flow velocities and patterns from both the ventricular chamber and myocardium were measured at different regeneration phases relative to the day of amputation. The peak velocities of early diastolic inflow, early diastolic myocardial motion, late diastolic myocardial motion, early diastolic deceleration slope, and heart rate were increased at 3 days after the myocardium amputation, but these parameters gradually returned to close to their baseline values for the normal heart at 7 days after amputation. The peak velocities of late diastolic inflow, ventricular systolic outflow, and systolic myocardial motion did not significantly differ during the heart regeneration.

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“…Functional and geometric parameters of left heart were within reference ranges (data not shown), indicating preserved LV contractility. Bubble contrast study was performed to check if right to left heart shunt is present (18), since atrial septal defect was reported in a dog with TVD (9) and Ebstein's anomaly (6). Bubbles were seen only in the RA and RV just after the intravenous injection of normal saline-air mix solution.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chylothorax associated with Ebstein’s anomaly in a Golden Retriever dog

LEVENT¹

2015

Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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Summary: 2-year-old, intact female, a Golden Retriever Dog was presented with the signs of respiratory distress, exercise intolerance, and muscular weakness. A high-grade systolic murmur was auscultated over the tricuspid valvular area. Thoracic radiographs showed an enlarged D-shape heart and free fluid (chylothorax) in the pleural space. ECG revealed small QRS complexes. Doppler echocardiography disclosed severe tricuspid insufficiency with moderate pulmonary hypertension, and tricuspid leaflets also were displaced down into the right ventricle, substantiating Ebstein's anomaly. Five-weeks after the medical therapy, patient died at home. The owner of the patient refused the necropsy. This is the first case report of tricuspid dysplasia and Ebstein's anomaly along with chylothorax in dogs.Key words: Chylothorax, Ebstein's anomaly, tricuspid valve dysplasia, dog Golden Retriever ırkı bir köpekte Ebstein's anomalisi ilişkili şilotoraksÖzet: 2 yaşında, kısırlaştırılmamış, dişi Golden Retriever köpek solunum güçlüğü, egzersiz intoleransı ve kas zaafiyeti bulguları ile kliniklerimize sunuldu. Triküspit kapak alanında yüksek derece sistolik kalp üfürümü oskülte edildi. Torasik radyografide; D-şeklinde kalp büyümesi ve plöyral alanda serbest sıvı (şilotoraks) belirlendi. EKG'de küçük QRS kompleksleri gözlendi. Doppler ekokardiyografide orta dereceli sistolik pulmoner hipertansiyon, ciddi triküspid kapak yetmezliği ve Ebstein anomalisi olarak tanımlanan triküspit kapağın sağ ventriküle doğru yer değiştirmesi saptandı. Beş hafta medikal tedaviden sonra hasta, evinde hayatını kaybetti. Hasta sahibi nekropsiyi reddetti. Bu rapor köpeklerde Ebstein anomalisi, triküspit displazi ve şilotoraksın birlikte seyrettiği ilk olgu rapordur. Anahtar sözcükler: Şilotoraks, Ebstein anomalisi, triküspit kapak displazisi, köpek.Tricuspid valve dysplasia (TVD) is a congenital malformation of the tricuspid valve (TV), chordae tendineae, or papillary muscles, resulting in TV insufficiency (29). The basal attachments of TV are ventrally displaced into the right ventricle (RV) resulting in a further malformation named Ebstein's anomaly (14,22).Chylothorax a triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (Chol) rich fluid is an infrequent cause of pleural effusion (10). There is limited information on chylothorax relating with heart diseases in human (1, 7) and animals (9). Although only two dogs with chylothorax associated with congenital cardiac disorders of TVD (9, 25) have been described, chylothorax due to Ebstein's anomaly in dogs has not been reported yet. Thus, we reported here, for the first time, Ebstein's anomaly as well as its possible mechanism(s) associated with chylothorax in a dog.The dog (2-year-old, intact female, Golden Retriever, 24.5 kg) was presented to the private clinic with the signs of exercise intolerance and respiratory distress. The prevention of heartworm was complete. Despite the treatment, dog was worsened, and referred to the small animal clinic (Veterinary Faculty, Uludag University, Bursa) with the similar symptoms. Hear...

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Clinical Indications for Echocardiography

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

Thiamine Supplementation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Receiving Optimum Medical Treatment

Thiamine Supplementation in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure Receiving Optimum Medical Treatment

High-Resolution Tissue Doppler Imaging of the Zebrafish Heart During Its Regeneration

Chylothorax associated with Ebstein’s anomaly in a Golden Retriever dog

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