“…Subjective workload was measured with either the NASA TLX form (9,11,14,17,19,25,26,28,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37), the Borg workload score (20)(21)(22), or other paper-based, unvalidated forms (13,15,23,24,38). The conclusions of these studies suggest that mental workload is reduced by using speech-input records compared to written records (13), with experience (15,21,23,26,27,29,30), using a mixed graphical-numeric interface (11), using drug administration devices that provide feedback (14), with an improved electronic interface (17,37), with the addition of instruction to training, (25) with increased practice (28), and with digital rather than hard-copy x-rays (35).…”