Clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease patients suffering from COVID-19 in Bangladesh: a prospective cross-sectional study

Abstract

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) patients were susceptible to morbidity and mortality once they affected by COVID-19. These patients were more likely to develop severe disease, requiring dialysis, admission to intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presentations and outcomes of COVID-19 in stage 3-5 CKD patients not on dialysis.MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted in the COVID-19 unit, at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from September 2020 to August 2021. Hospitalized RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients with pre-existing CKD having eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2but not yet on dialysis were enrolled. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. Outcomes were observed till discharge from the hospital and followed up after 3 months of survived patients.ResultsOut of 109 patients, the mean age was 58.1(SD: ±15.4) years where 61.5% were male. Common co-morbid conditions were hypertension (89.0%), diabetes mellitus (58.7%) and ischemic heart disease (24.8%). Fever, cough, shortness of breath and fatigue were common presenting features. Most of the patients had moderate (41.3%) and severe (41.3%) COVID-19. Sixty-six patients (60.6%) developed AKI on CKD. Twenty patients (30.3%) required dialysis. Death occurred in 16 patients (14.7%) and 12 patient’s (11%) required ICU admission and 6 patients (9.1%) achieved baseline renal function at discharge. We identified risk factors like low haemoglobin, lymphopenia, high CRP, high procalcitonin, high LDH and low SpO2in patients who did not survive. Seventy-six patients were followed up at 3rd month where 17 patients were lost. Ten patients (27.0%) achieved baseline renal function who had persistent AKI at discharge and 34 patients (87.1%) remained stable who had stable renal function at discharge.ConclusionThe stage 3-5 chronic kidney patients with COVID-19 are vulnerable to severe to critical morbidity and mortality with higher incidence of AKI which demands a special attention to this group of patients.