Clinical Management of Captive Cheetahs

Colburn, Ana Margarita Woc; Sánchez, Carlos R.; Citino, Scott B.; Crosier, Adrienne E.; Murray, Suzanne; Kaandorp, Jacques; Kaandorp, Christine; Marker, Laurie

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804088-1.00024-1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Killed vaccines can reduce the incidence and severity of disease; however, they do not offer holistic protection from infection or prevent viral shedding [3]. MLV contain live attenuated viral strains and are selectively used as boosters in breeding female cheetahs at some breeding centers [12]. MLV induce a more robust immune response that is longer lasting than killed vaccines and are thought to improve the maternal transfer of anti-FHV-1 antibodies in nursing cubs, but they have been anecdotally linked to disease development when used in certain cheetahs [3,10,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Viral Genome Sequencing and Phylogenomic Analysis of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 (FHV-1) in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Marino

Mironovich

Ineck

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1) is endemic in captive cheetahs and sporadically causes devastating disease. Modified live vaccines (MLV), intended for use in domestic cats, are used in some captive cheetah populations and have been anecdotally linked to disease in certain subpopulations. Ten FHV-1 isolates from ten captive cheetahs and one isolate from an MLV used to inoculate four of the host animals were analyzed. Viral DNA was extracted for full-genome sequencing by Illumina MiSeq with viral genomes then used for phylogenomic and recombinational analyses. The FHV-1 shed by vaccinated cheetahs were almost identical to the MLV, with few variants among viral genomes. Eight cheetah FHV-1 isolates and the MLV were grouped in a clade along with FHV-1 isolates from domestic cats in the USA. The remaining two cheetah FHV-1 isolates (unknown host vaccine status) were not associated with a clade. The likely ancestral origin of these two isolates involves recombination events between Australian domestic cat and cheetah FHV-1 isolates. Collectively, these data suggest that the MLV is capable of causing clinical disease and viral shedding in some cheetahs and represents evidence of interspecies transmission of virus between domestic and wild cats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Viral Genome Sequencing and Phylogenomic Analysis of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 (FHV-1) in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Marino

Mironovich

Ineck

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Unfortunately, the status (mother‐reared vs. hand‐reared) of individuals is not always mentioned in studies of captive cheetahs (e.g., Ruiz‐Miranda et al., 1998; Smirnova et al., 2016; Volodina, 2000) (see Appendix ), although hand‐rearing in both zoos and conservation centers is a common necessity (Bell et al., 2012; Bircher & Noble, 1997; Woc Colburn et al., 2018). Thus, most literature on cheetahs’ acoustic behavior is susceptible to be, for a large part, based on hand‐reared subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, captivity itself has been shown to cause chronic stress in cheetahs and to be associated with lower levels of testosterone in males (Terio et al., 2004). More importantly, most captive cheetahs that have been studied were captive born and are susceptible to have been hand reared by human caretakers instead of mother reared, as it is a quite common practice (Bell et al., 2012; Bircher & Noble, 1997; Woc Colburn et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life experience and sex influence acoustic repertoire use in wild‐born, but hand‐reared, captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Bouchet¹,

Lemasson

Collier³

et al. 2022

Developmental Psychobiology

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Early deprivation of adult influence is known to have long-lasting effects on social abilities, notably communication skills, as adults play a key role in guiding and regulating the behavior of youngsters, including acoustic repertoire use in species in which vocal production is not learned. Cheetahs grow up alongside their mother for 18 months, thus maternal influences on the development of social skills are likely to be crucial. Here, we investigated the impact of early maternal deprivation on vocal production and use in 12 wild-born cheetahs, rescued and subsequently hand-reared either at an early (less than 2 months) or a later stage of development. We could distinguish 16 sound types, produced mostly singly but sometimes in repeated or multitype sound sequences.The repertoire of these cheetahs did not differ fundamentally from that described in other studies on adult cheetahs, but statistical analyses revealed a concurrent effect of both early experience and sex on repertoire use. More specifically, early-reared males were characterized by a high proportion of Purr, Meow, and Stutter; early-reared females Mew, Growl, Hoot, Sneeze, and Hiss; late-reared males Meow, Mew, Growl, and Howl; and late-reared females mostly Meow. Our study demonstrates therefore the long-term effects of maternal deprivation on communication skills in a limited-vocal learner and its differential effect according to sex, in line with known social differences and potential differential maternal investment. More generally, it emphasizes the critical importance to consider the past history of the subjects (e.g., captive/wild-born, mother/hand-reared, early/late-mother-deprived, etc.) when studying social behavior, notably acoustic communication.

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“…Using apparently healthy captive cheetahs, we show that endometrial gland dilation is not evenly distributed throughout the uterus, but is significantly more prevalent in the cranial uterine horns. With regard to other lesions observed, gastritis is a common finding in captive cheetahs (Colburn et al, 2018) and is regarded as one of their major diseases in captivity (Terio et al, 2018). It has been reported as highly prevalent in the North American and Southern African captive cheetah populations with 99% of individuals affected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported as highly prevalent in the North American and Southern African captive cheetah populations with 99% of individuals affected. This prevalence is attributed to an elevated stress response (Colburn et al, 2018). The presence of gastritis in only 2/6 cheetahs may reflect decreased exposure to suspected environmental stressors in our study population, compared to other groups (Munson et al, 2005; Terio et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of uterine histological changes in aged captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

et al. 2020

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The histological effect on the felid uterus of sterilization, via ovariectomy or salpingectomy, is currently unknown. To investigate the association of ovariectomy or salpingectomy with uterine health, it is first necessary to establish if changes are distributed evenly throughout the uterus. Both laparoscopic ovariectomy and salpingectomy with concurrent sampling of the tip of the uterine horn are possible in the cheetah. Currently accepted practice for histopathological screening of the uterus utilizes four biopsy samples. It is not known whether this method accurately reflects the status of the entire uterus. In this study we histologically examined the uteri of six older cheetahs (one 7-year-old and five 10-10.5-year-old animals) via 21 tissue samples (three samples from seven different anatomical regions) per cheetah to determine overall uterine health. Although no defined lesions were detected, mild endometrial gland dilation, assumed to be of no functional consequence, was observed in multiple samples. The odds of observing this dilation was lowest in the uterine body and progressively increased in a cranial direction, being significantly higher at the tip of the uterine horns (OR = 11.5; 95% CI, 2.0-65.1; p = 0.006). This supported the reliability of sampling the tip of the uterine horn to screen for endometrial gland dilation.

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Clinical Management of Captive Cheetahs

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Full Viral Genome Sequencing and Phylogenomic Analysis of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 (FHV-1) in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Full Viral Genome Sequencing and Phylogenomic Analysis of Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 (FHV-1) in Cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Early life experience and sex influence acoustic repertoire use in wild‐born, but hand‐reared, captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

Distribution of uterine histological changes in aged captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus)

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