Clinical Management of Medical Disorders in Orthodontics

Abstract

Orthodontists are confronted with an increasing number of medically compromised patients who require proper alignment for esthetics and oral rehabilitation. The present review is regarding the current knowledge of the most common systemic and local diseases on the outcome of orthodontic treatment, Fortunately in orthodontics complications are infrequent and are of minor consequence, nevertheless the practitioner should understand and have a basic knowledge and understanding of the disease and its impact on the oral cavity as it is essential to recognize oral signs and symptoms of undiagnosed medical problems too.

Orthodontic management in medically compromised patients

“…Modifications of dental care must be considered when treating patients who have thyroid disease. 21 Parathyroid hormone plays an important role in the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, so, influence the mineralization of bone and teeth. 22…”

“…Hepatitis referred to certain infections caused by different viruses which may lead to inflammation of the liver and affects liver. The most common types are hepatitis are A, B, and C, and less common are hepatitis D and E. 21 Hepatitis viruses are blood borne and can be transmitted through saliva or sharp contaminated appliances, hence can't be ignored while performing orthodontic treatment. Hand pieces and micromotors generate aerosols that can cause infection in dental care workers and patients.…”

Orthodontic care and management in pregnant women

“…11 Implications for orthodontic treatment in pregnancy: keeping a healthy mouth environment will help avoid difficulties in the future; patients should drink plenty of water, and chair treatments should be as brief as feasible; X-rays and medication therapy should be avoided throughout the first trimester; and lengthy procedures or surgical procedures such as exposure of an impacted tooth, should be postponed until after the baby is born. 21…”

Infective endocarditis and orthodontic implications in children: A review of the literature

“…4 Although orthodontics is perceived to be the least invasive form of dentistry, there are potential risks for cardiac compromised patients that must be considered, and special precautions are required to minimize complications. 3,5 Infective endocarditis (IE), an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart, including the heart valves, the mural endocardium, and the septum, 5 has serious and life-threatening implications. 6,7 Its incidence is relatively low, ranging from 0.05 to 0.12 cases per 1000 pediatric admissions.…”