Clinical manifestation of Helicobacter pylori infection and its association with gastric adenocarcinoma in gastritis patients in Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Abstract

Background and objective: Helicobacter pylori can be regarded as one of the most common causes of chronic gastritis, which affects more than half of the world’s population. This study aimed to assess the presence of H. pylori in patients with gastritis and its association with gastric inflammation and adenocarcinoma. Methods: The presence of H. pylori was detected by rapid urease test and histopathological tests using biopsy specimens. Data were analyzed using the GraphPad Software Statistical Package. Results: The mean age of patients ± SD was 47.41 ± 18.13 years. The age range was 13 to 90 years. Results showed a significant association between the intensity of H. pylori and inflammation (P = 0.001). The more the intensity of H. pylori, the more severe the inflammation was noticed. Patients with high intensity of H. pylori had positive lymphoid aggregates. The H. pylori positive for the rapid urease test and the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining test were 95.2% and 96.3%, respectively. H. pylori infection was detected in more than 85% of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Histopathology and rapid urease tests are reliable diagnostic tools for detecting H. pylori. Results revealed a significant association of chronic active gastritis, mucosal lymphoid follicle formation, and adenocarcinoma with H. pylori infection. Keywords: Helicobacter pylori; Histopathology; Gastric adenocarcinoma; Gastritis.

The Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infections in Duhok Province, Iraq: A Retrospective Study

“…In study of Al-Kadassy et al [19] which carried out in Yemen, the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection Among positive results, 31(30.4%) were males and 71(69.6 %) were females. In another study in Erbil the largest proportion (39.4%) of the sample was in the age group 30-49 years, and more than half (53.2%) of the sample were males [4], in another study carried out in Pakistan the majority of infected individuals were males 79 (29.4%) compared to females 34 (14.3%), with statistically significant differences P value˂0.000 [2], which not similar to the present study. The current study has found that the lowest rate of infections of H. pylori in children less and equal to 18 years as 15% according to positive cases; while the age category (19-39 years) was recorded the highest percentage (62%), followed by age (40 -60) which was 41% with P= 0.003 overall age categories, so these results extremely consistence with the study of Al-Brefkani et al [20] about the prevalence of H. pylori among children in Duhok province which conducted that the infection rate significantly increased with increasing age of the participants (P < 0.001), from 19.8% among four to five-year olds to 42.9% among 16 and 18-year olds, further our results rather agree with the results presented in in study of prevalence of H. pylori among children in Iran [21], besides, consistence with results and application according to the logistic regression in the current study.…”

“…it causes widespread infection in almost half (50%) of the global population [2,3]. Since its discovered and with the dramatical progress in diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease, the pathogen can be considered as one of the most common causes of chronic gastritis that affecting more than half of the worldwide population [4]. During 2014-2020, the prevalence of infection in children and adults was higher in low-income and middle-income countries, than in high-income countries [5].…”