Clinical manifestations and risk factors of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes mellitus in western Siberia

Abstract

Objective. To compare the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease (CAD) between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and CAD who lived at northern latitudes vs. those who resided at southern latitudes in the Tyumen region, western Siberia. Study design. This retrospective study involved 382 patients with type 2 DM selected from 8,573 patients with angiographic CAD (>50% stenosis). Out of the total, 243 patients were permanent residents at the high latitudes of the Tyumen region ("northern patients"), and 139 patients were permanent residents in areas south of the Tyumen region ("southern patients"). Results. On average, northern patients were younger than southern patients (53 vs. 57 years, respectively). The odds ratio (OR) for living in the north was 2.1 (95% CI 0.99-4.53) for obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m²), 1.87 (95% CI 1.05-3.31) for smoking, 0.93 (95% CI 0.89-0.96) per 1 year increase in age, 0.84 (95% CI 0.76-0.94) per 1 mmol/L increase of fasting plasma glucose, and 1.15 (95% CI 1.04-1.28) per 1 mm increase of right ventricular end-diastolic diameter. The proportion of patients with 3 or more CAD risk factors was higher in the north. Most patients in both groups had a history of myocardial infarction, severe angina in class III/IV as defined by the Canadian Cardiovascular System (CCS), heart failure in class II/IV as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) and hypertension. Conclusions. A north-south gradient was observed in cardiovascular risk factors among patients with DM and CAD in the Tyumen region. The clinical manifestations of CAD in DM patients at high latitudes were comparable with those of patients who reside south of the Tyumen region of western Siberia, despite the younger age of northern patients.