Clinical manifestations of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in the ambulatory setting

Abstract

Introduction: In June 2009, the World Health Organization declared an influenza pandemic associated with the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 strain. It was summer in the northern hemisphere, and therefore travelling and vacation time, which also provided an increased opportunity for the dissemination of respiratory diseases. Methodology: We reviewed the paper case report forms from all the patients with influenza-like illnesses with nasopharyngeal samples submitted for laboratory diagnosis of pandemic (H1N1) (75%) were the most affected. Most of the patients (91%) presented with fever. A group of symptoms were positively correlated with the probability of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 infection: cough, epistaxis, lack of dyspnea or vomiting, fever, headache and myalgia. Conclusions: During the first wave of the pandemic influenza, young individuals were the most affected, and in the ambulatory setting, presentation was of a mild febrile illness without complications.

Characteristics of hospitalized patients with severe and non-severe pandemic influenza a (H1N1) in Saurashtra Region, India (two waves analysis)

“…Patients with severe diseases reported median age of 30 years which is higher than that of Portugal (23)[16] and South Korea (11),[17] but lower than that was observed in a study from Canada (37). [18] Two-third patients with severe disease were above the age group of 25 years in which 60.7% were females.…”

Bleeding Events Following Concurrent Use of Warfarin and Oseltamivir by Medicare Beneficiaries

“…However, patients in our sample being treated for influenza with oseltamivir might have nasal discharge, which could increase the risk of epistaxis in that time frame; one case series found epistaxis was associated with influenza. 13 We speculate that the association of ampicillin specifically with hematuria may reflect patients receiving ampicillin for urinary tract infections, which can produce hematuria.…”

Insights from unusual aspects of the 1918 influenza pandemic

“…In most ways other than its extreme lethality, the 1918 influenza pandemic was clinically the same as influenza before and since [25,37]. There were, however, two clinical aspects that were widely noticed by the medical officers that have been largely restricted to the 1918 pandemic; bleeding phenomenon especially epistaxis and a very distinctive form of cyanosis [38,39].…”