Clinical Manifestations of Patients with Adenoid and Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy at Universitas Airlangga Hospital 2016-2021

Abstract

Background: Adenoid hypertrophy is a condition that affects the upper respiratoty tract and commonly occurs in children. Adenoid hypertrophy often occurs concurrently with tonsillar hypertrphy leading to the term adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The most common cause of this condition is allergies. If not diagnosed early, adenoid and adenotonsillar hypertrophy can lead obstructive sleep apnea which can result in a decreased quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study is to explain patient characteristics such as age and gender, clinical manifestations, and operative management of patients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital. Methods: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design conducted from January 2016 to December 2021, utilizing secondary data from medical records with a total sampling technique. Results:The distribution of the majority of patients in the age group of 5-11 years consisted of 3 (42.9%) individuals with adenoid hypertrophy and 18 (58.1%) individuals with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The majority of patients were male, comprising 4 (57.1%) and 16 (51.6%) individuals for adenoid and adenotonsillar hypertrophy, respectively. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy was diagnosed more frequently, accounting for 31 (81.6%) patients. The most common complaints found in patients with adenoid hypertrophy were snoring and breathing difficulties experienced by all patients (100%), while the most common complaint in patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy was snoring experienced by all patients (100%). The majority of adenoid sizes obtained were classified as grade III (50-75%), with 4 (57.1%) individuals for adenoid hypertrophy and 18 (58.1%) individuals for adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenoidectomy was performed in all patients (100%) with adenoid hypertrophy, and adenotonsillectomy was performed in 29 (93.5%) patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Conclusion: Across 38 patient, majority of adenoid and adenotonsillar hypertrophy patients from January 2016 to December 2021 in Universitas Airlangga Hospital were male and belonged to the age group of 5 to 11 years old. In terms of clinical manifestations, most patients were diagnosed with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. The main complaints of snoring and difficulty breathing are experienced by all patients with adenoid hypertrophy, while in patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, snoring is found to be the primary complaint experienced by all patients. Grade III adenoid was the most commonly observed in radiological examinations and nearly all patients underwent operative management.