Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations

Kruse, James A.

doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450210108045

Cited by 255 publications

(229 citation statements)

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“…We found an S4 sound in some mice from the Adenine group and a systolic murmur (holosystolic in appearance) in mice from the Adenine + HP group. Systolic murmurs are usually caused by semilunar valve stenosis or atrioventricular valve regurgitation, while S4 sounds can be caused by a variety of cardiovascular issues ( 39 ). A pathologic S4 sound indicates reduced ventricular compliance, and is present in patients with systemic hypertension, AS, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( 39 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S2 Heart Sound Detects Aortic Valve Calcification Independent of Hemodynamic Changes in Mice

Dargam

Nasim

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is often undiagnosed in asymptomatic patients, especially in underserved populations. Although artificial intelligence has improved murmur detection in auscultation exams, murmur manifestation depends on hemodynamic factors that can be independent of aortic valve (AoV) calcium load and function. The aim of this study was to determine if the presence of AoV calcification directly influences the S2 heart sound.MethodsAdult C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following 12-week-long diets: (1) Control group (n = 11) fed a normal chow, (2) Adenine group (n = 4) fed an adenine-supplemented diet to induce chronic kidney disease (CKD), and (3) Adenine + HP (n = 9) group fed the CKD diet for 6 weeks, then supplemented with high phosphate (HP) for another 6 weeks to induce AoV calcification. Phonocardiograms, echocardiogram-based valvular function, and AoV calcification were assessed at endpoint.ResultsMice on the Adenine + HP diet had detectable AoV calcification (9.28 ± 0.74% by volume). After segmentation and dimensionality reduction, S2 sounds were labeled based on the presence of disease: Healthy, CKD, or CKD + CAVD. The dataset (2,516 S2 sounds) was split subject-wise, and an ensemble learning-based algorithm was developed to classify S2 sound features. For external validation, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the algorithm to classify mice were 0.9940 for Healthy, 0.9717 for CKD, and 0.9593 for CKD + CAVD. The algorithm had a low misclassification performance of testing set S2 sounds (1.27% false positive, 1.99% false negative).ConclusionOur ensemble learning-based algorithm demonstrated the feasibility of using the S2 sound to detect the presence of AoV calcification. The S2 sound can be used as a marker to identify AoV calcification independent of hemodynamic changes observed in echocardiography.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S2 Heart Sound Detects Aortic Valve Calcification Independent of Hemodynamic Changes in Mice

Dargam

Nasim

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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“…More than 50–70 million adults suffer from a sleep disorder (e.g., insomnia or sleep apnea)[ 1 , 2 ] and 60% of Americans report significant sleep disturbances (e.g., trouble falling or staying asleep, sleeping excessively, disturbed sleep-wake schedules, restless or insufficient sleep) [ 3 – 5 ]. Short-term effects of sleep disturbance are associated with decreased performance (e.g., job productivity, school performance), fatigue and daytime sleepiness, while longer-term effects may have more detrimental consequences such as premature mortality, risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression) [ 1 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing a mindfulness meditation mobile app for the treatment of sleep-related symptoms in adults with sleep disturbance: A randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to test whether a commercially available, mindfulness meditation mobile app, (i.e., Calm app), was effective in reducing fatigue (primary outcome), pre-sleep arousal, and daytime sleepiness (secondary outcomes) in adults with sleep disturbance (Insomnia Severity Index Score >10) as compared to a wait-list control group. Associations between the use of the Calm app (i.e., adherence to the intervention) and changes in sleep quality was also explored in the intervention group only. Adults with sleep disturbance were recruited (N = 640). Eligible and consenting participants (N = 263) were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 124) or a wait-list control (n = 139) group. Intervention participants were asked to meditate using the Calm app ≥10 minutes/day for eight weeks. Fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and pre-sleep arousal were assessed at baseline, mid- (4-weeks) and post-intervention (8-weeks) in both groups, whereas sleep quality was evaluated only in the intervention group. Findings from intent-to-treat analyses suggest the use of the Calm app for eight weeks significantly decreased daytime fatigue (p = .018) as well as daytime sleepiness (p = .003) and cognitive (p = .005) and somatic (p < .001) pre-sleep arousal as compared to the wait-list control group. Within the intervention group, use of the Calm app was associated with improvements in sleep quality (p < .001). This randomized controlled trial demonstrates that the Calm app can be used to treat fatigue, daytime sleepiness, and pre-sleep arousal in adults with sleep disturbance. Given that the Calm app is affordable and widely accessible, these data have implications for community level dissemination of a mobile app to improve sleep-related symptoms associated with sleep disturbance. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04045275.

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“…The meridians with the flattest and steepest powers were located within the central pupil area of the cornea with a 3 mm diameter 27 ). The absolute optical power difference between the two groups can then be determined as 4)…”

Section: Analysis Of Power Mapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Orthogonal Corneal Astigmatism among Normal and Keratoconic Brazilian and Chinese populations

Abass

Clamp²,

Bao

et al. 2018

Current Eye Research

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Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations

Cited by 255 publications

References 0 publications

S2 Heart Sound Detects Aortic Valve Calcification Independent of Hemodynamic Changes in Mice

S2 Heart Sound Detects Aortic Valve Calcification Independent of Hemodynamic Changes in Mice

Testing a mindfulness meditation mobile app for the treatment of sleep-related symptoms in adults with sleep disturbance: A randomized controlled trial

Non-Orthogonal Corneal Astigmatism among Normal and Keratoconic Brazilian and Chinese populations

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