Clinical Motor and Cognitive Neurobehavioral Relationships in the Basal Ganglia

Leisman, Gerry; Melillo, Robert; Frederick, Carrick

doi:10.5772/55227

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…Here, we observe that structural connections between the caudate and regions in frontal, parietal, occipital, and cingulate cortices are especially important to predict crystallised and fluid cognition. This finding is consistent with the known role of corticostriatal-thalamocortical loops in healthy executive function (Seger, 2009), and in neurologic disorders (Shepherd, 2013, Leisman et al, 2013 that result in executive dysfunction such as Parkinson's disease (Zgaljardic et al, 2006) and Huntington's disease (Rangel-Barajas and Rebec, 2016).…”

Section: Cattell and Horn's Two-component Theory Of Intellectual Devesupporting

confidence: 88%

Integrating multimodal connectivity improves prediction of individual cognitive abilities

Dhamala

Jamison

Jaywant

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryHow white matter pathway integrity and neural co-activation patterns in the brain relate to complex cognitive functions remains a mystery in neuroscience. Here, we integrate neuroimaging, connectomics, and machine learning approaches to explore how multimodal brain connectivity relates to cognition. Specifically, we evaluate whether integrating functional and structural connectivity improves prediction of individual crystallised and fluid abilities in 415 unrelated healthy young adults from the Human Connectome Project. Our primary results are two-fold. First, we demonstrate that integrating functional and structural information – at both a model input or output level – significantly outperforms functional or structural connectivity alone to predict individual verbal/language skills and fluid reasoning/executive function. Second, we show that distinct pairwise functional and structural connections are important for these predictions. In a secondary analysis, we find that structural connectivity derived from deterministic tractography is significantly better than structural connectivity derived from probabilistic tractography to predict individual cognitive abilities.

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Section: Cattell and Horn's Two-component Theory Of Intellectual Devesupporting

confidence: 88%

Integrating multimodal connectivity improves prediction of individual cognitive abilities

Dhamala

Jamison

Jaywant

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Recent research into the basal ganglia (BG) suggests that they are a major center for this functional integration. All cortical regions have semi-independent parallel loop circuits going down to the striatum (the input nucleus of the BG), to the globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and sub-thalamic nucleus, and returning via the thalamus to the same area of the cortex (161). This enables the BG to selectively inhibit or stimulate particular parts of the cortex, as well as to coordinate their actions.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of the Effects Of MM On Affective Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BG have a similar set of loop circuits descending to the pontine and medullary areas, extending the process of selection and coordination to brainstem functions (163). The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD; which is caused by a deficit in the dopamine circuits of the BG), as well as other diseases possibly related to the BG, such as Tourette’s syndrome and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), have associated behavioral, cognitive, and affective symptoms (161). PD is known for restrained movement, contracted posture, depression, and cognitive limitations; ADHD presents an opposite picture.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of the Effects Of MM On Affective Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PD is known for restrained movement, contracted posture, depression, and cognitive limitations; ADHD presents an opposite picture. The terms hypophrenia and hyperphrenia have been coined to refer to the cognitive/affective dimensions of hypo- and hyper-kinetic disorders, indicating the interaction of motor, affective, and cognitive dimensions in the BG (161). …”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of the Effects Of MM On Affective Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Meditative Movement for Depression and Anxiety

Payne¹,

Crane-Godreau²

2013

Front. Psychiatry

119

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This review focuses on Meditative Movement (MM) and its effects on anxiety, depression, and other affective states. MM is a term identifying forms of exercise that use movement in conjunction with meditative attention to body sensations, including proprioception, interoception, and kinesthesis. MM includes the traditional Chinese methods of Qigong (Chi Kung) and Taijiquan (Tai Chi), some forms of Yoga, and other Asian practices, as well as Western Somatic practices; however this review focuses primarily on Qigong and Taijiquan. We clarify the differences between MM and conventional exercise, present descriptions of several of the key methodologies of MM, and suggest how research into these practices may be approached in a systematic way. We also present evidence for possible mechanisms of the effects of MM on affective states, including the roles of posture, rhythm, coherent breathing, and the involvement of specific cortical and subcortical structures. We survey research outcomes summarized in reviews published since 2007. Results suggest that MM may be at least as effective as conventional exercise or other interventions in ameliorating anxiety and depression; however, study quality is generally poor and there are many confounding factors. This makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions at this time. We suggest, however, that more research is warranted, and we offer specific suggestions for ensuring high-quality and productive future studies.

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“…According to this data, it can be expected that the alteration of functional activity in the basal ganglia will be associated with changes in regional cerebral metabolism (rCMR) and regional blood flow (rCBF). This has been confirmed for Parkinson [24] and Huntington's disease [25], among others [26], and provides a means for assessing Wilson disease under such premises.…”

Section: Journal Of Neurology and Neuroscience Issn 2171-6625mentioning

confidence: 82%

Evaluation of Wilson Disease With 18F-FDG PET/CT

Nudelman-Speckman¹,

Díaz-Meneses²,

Valenzuela³

et al. 2017

J Neurol Neurosci

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Wilson disease is an autosomal-recessive disorder with copper accumulation and deposition in different organs. Disturbances in liver function and basal ganglia lead to hepatic and extrapyramidal motor symptoms. Age of onset ranges from 5 to 40 years of age. Wilson disease should be ruled out by measuring serum ceruloplasmin levels, and 24-hour urinary copper levels. We report a case of a 30 year-old female who had experienced progressive dystonia for a year. A decreased uptake of glucose metabolism using 18F-Fluoro-desoxyglucose-Positron-EmissionTomography/Computed-Tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) in the striatal area has been reported in the literature. With low levels of ceruloplasmin, elevation of aminotransferase activity and 24-hour urinary copper levels, associated with PET results using 18F FDG led to the diagnosis of Wilson disease. This study shows the feasibility of using in vivo imaging FDG PET/CT for identification of Wilson disease when there is a high clinical suspicion.

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Clinical Motor and Cognitive Neurobehavioral Relationships in the Basal Ganglia

Cited by 14 publications

References 103 publications

Integrating multimodal connectivity improves prediction of individual cognitive abilities

Integrating multimodal connectivity improves prediction of individual cognitive abilities

Meditative Movement for Depression and Anxiety

Evaluation of Wilson Disease With 18F-FDG PET/CT

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