Clinical neuroscience and neurotechnology: An amazing symbiosis

Cometa, Andrea; Falasconi, Antonio; Biasizzo, Marco; Carpaneto, J.; Horn, Andreas; Mazzoni, Annalisa; Micera, Silvestro

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105124

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 316 publications

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“…Similar as for combining the two hemispheres, the improvement with combining information across sulcal depth may be the result of effectively enhancing SNR instead of including information of a qualitatively different nature. Note, however, that risks and invasiveness associated with the implantation of depth electrodes are far lower than for surface electrodes, meaning that they could still be viable alternatives under certain conditions [67,68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging

Guerreiro Fernandes,

Raemaekers,

Freudenburg

et al. 2024

J. Neural Eng.

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Purpose:Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to reinstate lost communication faculties. Results from speech decoding studies indicate that a usable speech BCI based on activity in the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) can be achieved using subdurally implanted electrodes. However, the optimal characteristics for a successful speech implant are largely unknown. We address this topic in a high field blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) study, by assessing the decodability of spoken words as a function of hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal-axis.Methods:Twelve subjects conducted a 7T fMRI experiment in which they pronounced 6 different pseudo-words over 6 runs. We divided the SMC by hemisphere, gyrus, sulcal depth, and position along the ventral/dorsal axis. Classification was performed on in these SMC areas using multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM).Results:Significant classification was possible from the SMC, but no preference for the left or right hemisphere, nor for the precentral or postcentral gyrus for optimal word classification was detected. Classification while using information from the cortical surface was slightly better than when using information from deep in the central sulcus, and was highest within the ventral 50% of SMC. Confusion matrices where highly similar across the entire SMC. An SVM-searchlight analysis revealed significant classification in the superior temporal gyrus in addition to the SMC.Conclusion:The current results support a unilateral implant using surface electrodes, covering the ventral 50% of the SMC. The added value of depth electrodes is unclear. We did not observe evidence for variations in the qualitative nature of information across SMC. The current results need to be confirmed in paralyzed patients performing attempted speech.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging

Guerreiro Fernandes,

Raemaekers,

Freudenburg

et al. 2024

J. Neural Eng.

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“…Neurotechnologies can provide insights into brain or nervous system activity, or can influence brain or nervous system function ( 1 ). Essentially, neurotechnologies have the potential to help neuroscientists gather information that might help uncover some of the secrets of the biology underlying the normal and pathological functioning of the human brain – arguably the most complex and least understood organ of the human body – as well as delivering practical therapeutic or rehabilitative solutions in the clinical care of neurological disorders to help ease the personal and socioeconomic burden of these conditions ( 1 , 3 ). Adopting a technology-based approach can also have benefits for research, allowing the use of more sensitive endpoints that will accelerate data gathering and evidence generation in clinical trials.…”

Section: The Technology Revolution and Its Impact On Neurological Pra...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) responsible research (this encourages consideration of ethical, legal and social issues ([ELSI] and collaboration between all stakeholders, including patients, patient organizations and funders, throughout the development process), (2) anticipatory governance (as discussed earlier, proactive consideration of ELSI so that frameworks can be put in place in good time), (3) open innovation (in light of the investment risks and high failure rates of clinical trials, neurotechnology companies could take an open innovation approach in which public and private stakeholders collaborate, invest, and share assets), ( 4) avoiding neuro-hype (controlling unproven claims and myths about neurotechnology and being realistic about what it can achieve by means of evidence-based policies and guidelines for its responsible development and use), and ( 5) access and equity (addressing socioeconomic questions and ensuring access to innovation in resource-limited countries. We need to consider all these factors as we move forward with neurotechnology to ensure that we reap its considerable benefits while minimizing any potential risks.…”

Section: Ensuring E Ective Governance and Regulation Of Neurotechnologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The grand challenge at the frontiers of neurotechnology and its emerging clinical applications

Bhidayasiri

2024

Front. Neurol.

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“…Neuroethical concerns encompass an emerging interdisciplinary field that investigates the relationship between neuroscience and ethical principles ( Cometa et al, 2022 ). It delves into the ethical issues arising from the development of neuroscience and neurotechnologies, offering corresponding moral guidelines and norms.…”

Section: Opportunities Related To Brain-machine Interface Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in brain-machine interfaces for application in the metaverse

Liu,

et al. 2024

Front. Neurosci.

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In recent years, with the shift of focus in metaverse research toward content exchange and social interaction, breaking through the current bottleneck of audio-visual media interaction has become an urgent issue. The use of brain-machine interfaces for sensory simulation is one of the proposed solutions. Currently, brain-machine interfaces have demonstrated irreplaceable potential as physiological signal acquisition tools in various fields within the metaverse. This study explores three application scenarios: generative art in the metaverse, serious gaming for healthcare in metaverse medicine, and brain-machine interface applications for facial expression synthesis in the virtual society of the metaverse. It investigates existing commercial products and patents (such as MindWave Mobile, GVS, and Galea), draws analogies with the development processes of network security and neurosecurity, bioethics and neuroethics, and discusses the challenges and potential issues that may arise when brain-machine interfaces mature and are widely applied. Furthermore, it looks ahead to the diverse possibilities of deep and varied applications of brain-machine interfaces in the metaverse in the future.

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Clinical neuroscience and neurotechnology: An amazing symbiosis

Cited by 8 publications

References 316 publications

Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging

Considerations for implanting speech brain computer interfaces based on functional magnetic resonance imaging

The grand challenge at the frontiers of neurotechnology and its emerging clinical applications

Advancements in brain-machine interfaces for application in the metaverse

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