Clinical Observations on the
Doubling Time of
Prostate Cancer

Schmid, Hans‐Peter; McNeal, John E.; Stamey, Thomas A.

doi:10.1159/000474708

Cited by 48 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The median (range) follow-up of the cohort was 45 (6-85) months and the median number of PSA measurements for calculating T d was 8 (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). The distribution of the frequency of PSA measurements was 3-5 in The distribution of l and the corresponding T d for the 231 patients is shown in Table 3; the median (range) T d was 7.0 (0.51-infinity).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide variation of prostate‐specific antigen doubling time of untreated, clinically localized, low‐to‐intermediate grade, prostate carcinoma

et al. 2004

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide variation of prostate‐specific antigen doubling time of untreated, clinically localized, low‐to‐intermediate grade, prostate carcinoma

et al. 2004

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“…This can be expected given the relatively slow mean growth rate of prostate cancer (Schmid et al, 1993;Stenman, 1997) compared with breast cancer (Peer et al, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is unclear whether similar criteria of clinical significance can be applied to screening-detected cancers. Longitudinal population studies of serum PSA suggest that most prostate cancers grow at a slow, but steady rate (Schmid et al, 1993;Stenman, 1997). A tumour with a doubling time of 2 years will grow from 1 g to about 32 g in 10 years and to 1 kg, which is likely to be lethal, in 20 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

European randomized study of prostate cancer screening: first-year results of the Finnish trial

et al. 1999

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Prostate cancer is currently the most common cancer among men after skin cancer in most industrialized countries (Parkin et al, 1997). Because of its poorly understood aetiology, primary prevention is not currently feasible and therefore there is considerable interest in screening as a potential approach to prostate cancer control (Schršder and Boyle, 1993). The only means to establish the effect of screening is to conduct large randomized controlled trials with both mortality and quality of life as end points (Denis et al, 1995). Such studies are ongoing both in Europe and North America (Auvinen et al, 1996). In the absence of empirical results, a debate of the issue continues, which is demonstrated by the fact that so far the number of published reviews on the subject exceeds the number of original reports of randomized trials (as identified from Medline).We report here the first-year results of the Finnish trial, which is part of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC), a multi-centre randomized trial with participating centres from The Netherlands, Finland, Sweden, Belgium, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The common core protocol includes enrolment at ages 55Ð69 and use of Hybritech Tandem-E PSA assay as the screening test with a cut-off level of 4.0 ng ml Ð1 . The primary end point is prostate cancer mortality, with quality of life and cost-effectiveness as the secondary end points. MATERIALS AND METHODSIn the Finnish trial, the subjects are identified from the central population registry of Finland. Enrolment over 4 years with a total study population of 80 000 men is planned. The screening interval is 4 years and up to three screening rounds are planned. The primary end point is mortality from prostate cancer, which will be reported based on 10 years of follow-up from randomization.The study population of the trial consists of men born in 1929Ð1944 and resident in the metropolitan areas of Helsinki and Tampere. In the first year of the study (1996), 20 398 men born in 1929, 1933, 1937 or 1941 were randomized. The subjects were identified from the Population Registry of Finland. The only exclusion criterion was a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer. Information on prostate cancer was obtained through record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry. A total of 90 men were excluded before randomization because of previously diagnosed prostate cancer. Approximately 1% of the population (200 men of the eligible study population) has forbidden the use of their address information for any purposes and they were also excluded from randomization. Each year, 8000 men, i.e. approximately one third of the eligible population, are randomized to the screening arm and the rest to the control arm. Of the 8000 men, men who had died or moved out of the study area between the date of randomization (in early January) and date of invitation, were not invited to participate (n = 388 in 1996). Due to an error, additional 275 men were not invited in 1996. Men in the control group were not contacted, ...

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“…6 Its serum levels in men have been observed to vary from one geographical location to another, from ethnicity to ethnicity and from race to race with healthy men of the black race having higher levels than their Caucasian and Asian counterparts and its level also correlates with advancing age and the prostate volume. [7][8][9] Accordingly, Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria various authors have questioned the use of the traditional total PSA cut-off value of 0-4ng/ml across all regions and age in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. 10 Thus agespecific total PSA reference values are currently being advocated to increase the PSA sensitivity in the younger age (to enhance detection of early curable prostate cancer) group of men suspected of prostate cancer while increasing the specificity in the older age (to avoid unnecessary management protocols of physiological agerelated increase of PSA) group of men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based study

Amadi

Odum

2018

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels increase with advancing age. Its age-specific ranges are being advocated to increase its sensitivity and specificity. This study was aimed to examine the relationship between total PSA levels and age, and to determine the age-specific ranges among healthy men without prostatic diseases in our environment.Methods: In this retrospective hospital-based study, records of men without prostatic diseases who had visited University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital for routine screening for prostate cancer using serum total PSA between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Records of 476 men aged 38 to 86 years were recruited for the study. The age-specific total PSA reference range using the 95th percentile total PSA concentration values in each 10year groups were 0-1.60, 0-4.93, 0-6.93, 0-7.80, 0-9.65, and 0-13.30 for the age groups 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and >80years respectively. There was a positive correlation between serum PSA concentration and age (rs = 0.395; p<0.001).Conclusions: Total PSA increases with advancing age and its age-specific reference range in this study are similar to findings in our environment but higher than the values found in other parts of the world. We suggest serum PSA normal reference values should be characterized by age and race in our environment.

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Clinical Observations on the Doubling Time of Prostate Cancer

Cited by 48 publications

References 6 publications

Wide variation of prostate‐specific antigen doubling time of untreated, clinically localized, low‐to‐intermediate grade, prostate carcinoma

Wide variation of prostate‐specific antigen doubling time of untreated, clinically localized, low‐to‐intermediate grade, prostate carcinoma

European randomized study of prostate cancer screening: first-year results of the Finnish trial

Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based study

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