Clinical onset of CNS demyelinating disease after COVID-19 vaccination: denovo disease?

Gernert, Jonathan A.; Zimmermann, Hanna; Oswald, Eva; Christmann, Tara; Kümpfel, Tania; Havla, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.msard.2022.104175

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both from our experience and a review of the cases reported in the literature, viral/vaccine exposure is more strongly associated with MS onset than with disease reactivation [ 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. The most plausible explanation is the protective effect of DMTs against the inflammatory activation of the immune system known to be triggered by viral infection/vaccination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Even though it is impossible to attribute a definite causal role for MS onset to SARS-CoV-2 and the related vaccines, several cases have been reported both after COVID-19 (8 case reports, 3 case series, Table 1 ) and after anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines exposure (13 case reports, 6 case series, Table 2 ) [ 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Cases of post-viral infection MS onset or relapse presented with clinical symptoms suggestive for demyelinating disorders after a few days to 6 weeks from viral exposure, except for one case in which the viral infection preceded the disease onset by 6 months [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential Role of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Onset and Reactivation: A Case Series and Literature Review

Pichiecchio

Colombo²,

Rigoni³

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and related vaccines have raised several issues. Among them, the potential role of the viral infection (COVID-19) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as causal factors of dysimmune CNS disorders, as well as the safety and efficacy of vaccines in patients affected by such diseases and on immune-active treatments have been analyzed. The aim is to better understand the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines with dysimmune CNS diseases by describing 12 cases of multiple sclerosis/myelitis onset or reactivation after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines and reviewing all published case reports or case series in which MS onset or reactivation was temporally associated with either COVID-19 (8 case reports, 3 case series) or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (13 case reports, 6 case series). All the cases share a temporal association between viral/vaccine exposure and symptoms onset. This finding, together with direct or immune-based mechanisms described both during COVID-19 and MS, claims in favor of a role for SARS-CoV-2 infection/vaccines in unmasking dysimmune CNS disorders. The most common clinical presentations involve the optic nerve, brainstem and spinal cord. The preferential tropism of the virus together with the presence of some host-related genetic/immune factors might predispose to the involvement of specific CNS districts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Role of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Onset and Reactivation: A Case Series and Literature Review

Pichiecchio

Colombo²,

Rigoni³

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…A detailed clinical description of a subset of these patients was recently published. 13 , 17 , 22 , 26 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there an immunological cross-reactivity of antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and coronaviruses?

Schanda,

Mariotto,

Rudzki

et al. 2024

Brain Communications

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Recent reports indicated that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease might be a rare complication after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection or vaccination. It is unclear whether this is an unspecific sequel of infection or vaccination or caused by possible immunological cross-reactivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 proteins and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. The aim of this study was therefore to elucidate whether there is an immunological cross-reactivity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike or nucleocapsid proteins and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and to explore the relation of antibody responses against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and other coronaviruses. We analysed serum samples from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and neurological symptoms with (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, n = 12) or without myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibodies (n = 10); severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection without neurological symptoms (n = 32); vaccinated patients with no history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and neurological symptoms with (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, n = 10) or without myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibodies (n = 9); and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 negative/naïve unvaccinated patients with neurological symptoms with (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, n = 47) or without myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibodies (n = 20). All samples were analysed for serum antibody responses to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and other common coronaviruses (CoV-229E, CoV-HKU1, CoV-NL63 and CoV-OC43). Based on sample amount and antibody titres, 21 samples were selected for analysis of antibody cross-reactivity between myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using affinity purification and pre-absorption. Whereas we found no association of immunoglobulin G and A myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies with coronavirus antibodies, infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 correlated with an increased immunoglobulin M myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody response. Purified antibodies showed no cross-reactivity between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. However, one sample of a patient with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection showed a clear immunoglobulin G antibody cross-reactivity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 nucleocapsid protein and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. This patient was also seropositive for other coronaviruses and showed immunological cross-reactivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and CoV-229E nucleocapsid proteins. Overall, our results indicate that an immunoglobulin G antibody cross-reactivity between myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 proteins is rare. The presence of increased myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin M antibodies after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection may either be a consequence of a previous infection with other coronaviruses or arise as an unspecific sequel after viral infection. Furthermore, our data indicate that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin A and particularly myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin M antibodies are a rather unspecific sequel of viral infections. Finally, our findings do not support a causative role of coronavirus infections for the presence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G antibodies.

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“…In 2021, Japanese scholar Kenji Kashiwagi reported the first case of acute ON associated with MOG antibody potentially induced by COVID-19 in adults (50). With the increasing number of case reports, large-scale studies, and reviews on COVID-19 in patients with NMOSD and MOGAD, there has been a gradual increase in knowledge regarding this topic (51)(52)(53)(54) (6,(56)(57)(58). The literature provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiological, clinical, imaging, electrophysiological, and laboratory characteristics as well as treatment outcomes for patients with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccine-associated MOGAD.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global trends in research on MOG antibody-associated disease: bibliometrics and visualization analysis

Zheng,

Wang,

Geng

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the current research status, focus areas, and developmental trends in the field of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) through an analysis of scientific literature.MethodsThe relevant research articles on MOGAD published from 1947 to 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. The quantitative output of MOGAD related research articles, their distribution by country/region, data on collaborative publishing, influential authors, high-yield institutions, keywords, hotspots, and development trends were analyzed. Additionally, visual knowledge maps were generated using VOSviewer and Citespace.ResultsThere has been a steady increase in the number of MOGAD related publications indicating that the subject has garnered increasing interest among researchers globally. The United States has been the leading contributor with 496 papers (19.25%), followed by China (244, 9.63%), Japan (183, 7.10%), the United Kingdom (154, 5.98%), and Germany (149, 5.78%). Among these countries, the United Kingdom boasts the highest citation frequency at the rate of 46.49 times per paper. Furthermore, active collaboration in MOGAD related research is observed primarily between the United States and countries such as Canada, Germany, Australia, Italy, the United Kingdom and Japan. Mayo Clinic ranks first in total articles published (109) and frequency of citations per article (77.79). Takahashi Toshiyuki from Tohoku University is the most prolific author, while Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders is the most widely read journal in this field. “Disease Phenotype”, “Treatment”, “Novel Coronavirus Infection and Vaccination”, “Immunopathological Mechanisms”, “Clinical characteristics of children” and “Prognosis” are the primary keywords clusters in this field. “Novel Coronavirus Infection and Vaccination” and “Immunopathological Mechanisms” are research hotspots and have great development potential.ConclusionThe past three decades have witnessed a significant expansion of research on MOGAD. The pathogenetic mechanism of MOGAD is poised to be the prominent research focus in this field in the foreseeable future.

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Clinical onset of CNS demyelinating disease after COVID-19 vaccination: denovo disease?

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

The Potential Role of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Onset and Reactivation: A Case Series and Literature Review

The Potential Role of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Onset and Reactivation: A Case Series and Literature Review

Is there an immunological cross-reactivity of antibodies to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and coronaviruses?

Global trends in research on MOG antibody-associated disease: bibliometrics and visualization analysis

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