Clinical or radiologic measurements and 3‐D gait analysis in children with pes planus

Lee, Jung H.; Sung, In Young; Yoo, Jong Yoon

doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2008.02666.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It can also cause changes in the overall body position and increase the risk of back pain due to straining of muscles and effects on the pelvis, lower extremities, and even the spine in closed-chain exercise14,15,16 ) . However, there is little research focused on load-dependent muscular activity during walking with flatfoot subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Backpack Load on Muscle Activities of the Trunk and Lower Extremities and Plantar Foot Pressure in Flatfoot

Son

2013

J Phys Ther Sci

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in muscle activation of the trunk and lower extremities and plantar foot pressure due to backpack loads of 0, 10, 15, and 20% of body weight during level walking in individuals with flatfoot. [Methods] Fourteen young flatfoot subjects and 12 normal foot subjects participated in this study. In each session, the subjects were assigned to carry a backpack load, and there were four level walking modes: (1) unloaded walking (0%), (2) 10% body weight (BW) load, (3) 15% BW load, and (4) 20% BW load. Trunk and lower extremity muscle activities were recorded by surface EMG, and contact area and plantar foot pressure were determined using a RS scan system. [Results] The erector spinae, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscle activities, but not the rectus femoris and rectus abdominis muscle activities of flatfoot subjects significantly and progressively increased as load increased in flatfoot subjects. Contact area and pressure of the lateral and medial heel zones were significantly increased too. [Conclusion] Based on this data, the weight of a backpack could influence muscle activation and plantar foot pressure in flatfoot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Backpack Load on Muscle Activities of the Trunk and Lower Extremities and Plantar Foot Pressure in Flatfoot

Son

2013

J Phys Ther Sci

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“…Nevertheless, in what concerns biomarkers to evaluate the risk of BIND, Bf is considered a more sensitive predictor (Ahlfors et al, 2009b; Lee et al, 2009) than either bilirubin–albumin molar ratio (UCB/HSA) or abnormal ABR maturation (Amin et al, 2001) and, in contrast to TSB levels, revealed to be associated with ABRs results (Ahlfors and Parker, 2008). In sum, Bf or TSB plus Bf, instead of TSB alone, are more rational indicators (Wennberg et al, 2006).…”

Section: Biomarkers and Predictors Of Bilirubin Neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving Landscape of Neurotoxicity by Unconjugated Bilirubin: Role of Glial Cells and Inflammation

Brites¹

2012

Front. Pharmacol.

116

103

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Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is a common condition in the first week of postnatal life. Although generally harmless, some neonates may develop very high levels of unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), which may surpass the protective mechanisms of the brain in preventing UCB accumulation. In this case, both short-term and long-term neurodevelopmental disabilities, such as acute and chronic UCB encephalopathy, known as kernicterus, or more subtle alterations defined as bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction (BIND) may be produced. There is a tremendous variability in babies’ vulnerability toward UCB for reasons not yet explained, but preterm birth, sepsis, hypoxia, and hemolytic disease are comprised as risk factors. Therefore, UCB levels and neurological abnormalities are not strictly correlated. Even nowadays, the mechanisms of UCB neurotoxicity are still unclear, as are specific biomarkers, and little is known about lasting sequelae attributable to hyperbilirubinemia. On autopsy, UCB was shown to be within neurons, neuronal processes, and microglia, and to produce loss of neurons, demyelination, and gliosis. In isolated cell cultures, UCB was shown to impair neuronal arborization and to induce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from microglia and astrocytes. However, cell dependent sensitivity to UCB toxicity and the role of each nerve cell type remains not fully understood. This review provides a comprehensive insight into cell susceptibilities and molecular targets of UCB in neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and on phenotypic and functional responses of microglia to UCB. Interplay among glia elements and cross-talk with neurons, with a special emphasis in the UCB-induced immunostimulation, and the role of sepsis in BIND pathogenesis are highlighted. New and interesting data on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of different pharmacological agents are also presented, as novel and promising additional therapeutic approaches to BIND.

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“…Flatfoot results in problems on the static alignment of ankle and foot, as well as to the dynamic functional abnormality of the lower extremities [1]. Thus, proximal joints like the knee joints, hip joints, and the lower spine get affected due to the overloading of a medial longitudinal arch [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Resting Calcaneal Stance Position Angle Following Insole Fitting in Children With Flexible Flatfoot

Lee

Kim

et al. 2017

Ann Rehabil Med

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ObjectiveTo clarify the relationship of the initial radiologic and a biomechanical parameter at first clinical visit, and define the effectiveness of modified insole, following insole fitting in children with flexible flatfoot.MethodsChildren aged less than 13 years with flexible flatfoot were enrolled. The total number of subjects was 66 (33 boys, 33 girls). The subjects were divided into 5 subgroups, based on age: 1–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–9, and 10–12 years. The mean time period between the initial & final examination for their resting calcaneal stance position angle (RCSPA) was 24 months. Radiography quantified the deformity by measuring angles, including the talometatarsal angle, the metatarsal angle, and the calcaneal pitch angle.ResultsFrom the angles measured on radiographs, only the talometatarsal angle showed a statistically significant correlation to the initial RCSPA (r=-0.578 for right side, r=-0.524 for left side; p<0.01). The mean RCSPA improved in all subgroups of subjects following insole fitting. Moreover, in children younger than 7 years, the improvement in RCSPA from the insole fitting was greater compared to children aged 7 years and older.ConclusionThe insole has additionally beneficial effects in all populations younger than 13 years. However, there might exist a hidden effect of normal structural pedal alignment during growth accompanied with bony maturation and developmental process. To date, it is controversial whether the treatment of flexible flatfoot is necessary in the vast majority of cases, or simple observation and advice to parents would suffice.

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Clinical or radiologic measurements and 3‐D gait analysis in children with pes planus

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

The Effect of Backpack Load on Muscle Activities of the Trunk and Lower Extremities and Plantar Foot Pressure in Flatfoot

The Effect of Backpack Load on Muscle Activities of the Trunk and Lower Extremities and Plantar Foot Pressure in Flatfoot

The Evolving Landscape of Neurotoxicity by Unconjugated Bilirubin: Role of Glial Cells and Inflammation

Changes in Resting Calcaneal Stance Position Angle Following Insole Fitting in Children With Flexible Flatfoot

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