Clinical Outcomes and Complications after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Utilizing Conventional Plates in 65 Distal Radial and Ulnar Fractures of Miniature- and Toy-Breed Dogs

Aikawa, Takeshi; Miyazaki, Y.; Shimatsu, Taichi; Iizuka, K.; Nishimura, Masaaki

doi:10.1055/s-0038-1639485

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Healing complications were mostly seen in R/U in this study (n=7) which is comparable with previous literature (Atilola, 1984;Bartels, 1987;Ramírez and Macías, 2016). Four of these fractures were located at the distal diaphyses, which is known to be least vascularized part of radius (Aikawa et al, 2018;Bierens et al, 2017;Gibert et al, 2015;Ramírez and Macías, 2016).Since radius and ulna are the most "vulnerable" bones to delayed union and non-unions because their lack of rich blood supply, every effort must be made to preserve soft tissue intergrity in this area. For this reason the fracture must be stabilized using the least invasive method available.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Retrospective Evaluation of Challenging Delayed Union and Non-union Encountered in Dogs: 16 Cases (2012-2018)

İnal,

Önyay,

Yılmaz

et al. 2023

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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This paper aims to showcase some challenging delayed union and non-union cases, explain their possible causes and the treatment processes they underwent. Most non-union cases included in this study required at least two surgical interventions, and the main reasons for the consecutive interventions were either compromised vasculature of the soft tissues due to extreme trauma or infection. The final successful procedure for cases with excessive soft tissue trauma was external fixator application in most cases. Bone plates were more successful in cases with infection or had poor owner compliance. Minimally invasive external fixator implementation seems to be efficient in preserving the compromised vasculature of the bone while bone plates show better results in cases with localized infection. Harvesting bone grafts from the iliac crest was very practicable, required little time and should be utilized in every possible non-union case given their obvious benefits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Retrospective Evaluation of Challenging Delayed Union and Non-union Encountered in Dogs: 16 Cases (2012-2018)

İnal,

Önyay,

Yılmaz

et al. 2023

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“… 8 However, our study is similar to others that show a higher percentage of fractures in the distal diaphysis in cats and small dog breeds. 2 , 20 – 22 It is important to note that the prevalence of antebrachial fractures in cats is much lower than in dogs: 2–8% and 18%, respectively. 2 , 23 This has previously been hypothesised to be due to higher cortical bone density, thicker trabeculae and increased anisotropy in cats compared with dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feline radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures: a retrospective study of 49 cases comparing single bone fixation and dual bone fixation

Makar,

Lai,

Simcock

et al. 2024

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The objectives of this study were to report the complications in radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures in cats and to compare the differences in outcome between single and dual bone internal fixation. Methods Medical records between 2004 and 2022 were searched retrospectively for cats with antebrachial diaphyseal fractures treated with internal bone-plate fixation. In total, 49 cases were included from six referral hospitals, including one teaching hospital. Patient information was collated, including fracture configuration, location, repair method and clinical outcome as assessed by veterinary physical examination, radiography and owner questionnaire. Results A total of 47 cats (mean age 4.2 years) were included. Fractures were located distally (24/49, 49%), proximally (13/49, 26.5%) and mid-diaphyseally (12/49, 24.5%). Dual bone fixation was used in 13/49 (26.5%) cases, with only 1/13 (7.7%) having major complications. By comparison, 4/36 (11.1%) of single plated fractures had major complications. Single bone fixation was 14.25 times more likely (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.07–97.99) to have a successful outcome (veterinarian-assigned score of 0) compared with dual bone fixation ( P = 0.007). When evaluating owner-assessed outcomes, single bone fixation was 9.4 times more likely (95% CI 1.4–61.96) to have a successful outcome (owner score of 0) compared with dual bone fixation ( P = 0.019). Conclusions and relevance Fractures that were repaired with single bone fixation had a greater chance of a better outcome. Although the difference was not significant, there was a higher major complication rate and a lower minor complication rate for cases treated with single bone fixation compared with dual bone fixation. The majority of fractures were located in the distal diaphysis. Comminution of the fracture and concurrent orthopaedic issues did not significantly affect the outcome. Further prospective studies with standardised follow-up, radiographic assessment, surgeon and implants are required to truly assess the difference between dual and single bone fixation.

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“…Osteopenia induced by stressprotection has been reported as a frequent (7.1-20%) complication after plate osteosynthesis of distal radial and ulnar fractures in miniature and toy-breed dogs [28,32,38]. A low incidence (1.5%; 1/65) of osteopenia was reported in the study published by Aikawa et al, in part because of the selection of appropriate plate size and type (DCP vs. LCP) with a proper technique [39]. Stress protection-induced osteopenia can only be detected by long-term plate application follow-up [37]; therefore, long-term annual radiographic evaluations are needed to diagnose this complication.…”

Section: Osteosynthesis In Toy-breed Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Basis of Bone Fracture and Fracture Osteosynthesis in Small Animals

Alexandre,

Simões,

Martinho Lopes

et al. 2024

Biomechanical Insights Into Osteoporosis

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The mastery of concepts related to biomechanics in bone fracture is crucial for the surgical success of osteosynthesis. The understanding of the basics of bone fracture is a skill fundamental to the choice of the correct method of osteosynthesis. Deep knowledge of implants, namely, their mechanic characteristics, and the correct technical use following the recommended guidelines for each type are crucial factors to decrease surgical failure and complications rate. This chapter reviews the biomechanical parameters of fracture repair that influence construct stiffness and strength. The authors also provided practical examples of the biomechanics concepts applied in clinical practice during this chapter. Metal alloys used in orthopedic implants are also fundamentally reviewed in their physical properties during this chapter. Fracture patterns vary hugely among patients and contributed to the difficult understanding of forces acting in fracture lines. However, fracture biomechanics basic knowledge and how osteosynthesis methods counteract the forces acting on fractures are key to surgical success.

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Clinical Outcomes and Complications after Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Utilizing Conventional Plates in 65 Distal Radial and Ulnar Fractures of Miniature- and Toy-Breed Dogs

Abstract: Open reduction and conventional plate fixation of distal radial and ulnar fractures in miniature- and toy-breed dogs are effective means of fixation that result in normal functional outcome without developing non-union.

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Retrospective Evaluation of Challenging Delayed Union and Non-union Encountered in Dogs: 16 Cases (2012-2018)

Retrospective Evaluation of Challenging Delayed Union and Non-union Encountered in Dogs: 16 Cases (2012-2018)

Feline radial and ulnar diaphyseal fractures: a retrospective study of 49 cases comparing single bone fixation and dual bone fixation

Biomechanical Basis of Bone Fracture and Fracture Osteosynthesis in Small Animals

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