Objective: Current understanding of the prognostic impact of depression on mortality after heart transplantation (HTx) is limited. We examined whether depression after HTx is a predictor of mortality during extended follow-up. Subsequently, we explored whether different symptom dimensions of depression could be identified, and whether they were differentially associated with mortality. Methods: Survival analyses were performed in a sample of 141 HTx recipients assessed for depression, measured by self-report of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventoryversion 1A (BDI-1A)), at median 5.0 years after HTx, and followed thereafter for survival status for up to 18.6 years. We used uni-and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association of clinically significant depression (BDI-1A total score ≥10), as well as the cognitive-affective and the somatic subscales of the BDI-1A (resulting from principal component analysis) with mortality. In the multivariate analyses, we adjusted for relevant sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: Clinically significant depression was a significant predictor of mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 2.088; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.366-3.192; p=.001). Clinically significant depression also was an independent predictor of mortality in the multivariate analysis (HR: 1.982; 95% CI: 1.220-3.217; p=.006). The somatic subscale, but not the cognitive-affective subscale, was significantly associated with increased mortality in univariate analyses, while neither of the two subscales was an independent predictor of mortality in the multivariate analysis. Psychosom Med Depression and mortality after HTx 24.01.19 2 Conclusions: Depression measured by self-report after HTx is associated with increased mortality during extended follow-up. Clinical utility and predictive validity of specific depression components require further study.