Clinical outcomes of temperature related injuries treated in the hospital setting, 2011–2018

Health Risks to the Russian Population from Temperature Extremes at the Beginning of the XXI Century

“…During heat waves, when the body is exposed to extremely high temperature, dehydration and microcirculation disorders occur, which could lead to thrombosis and chance of having strokes, exacerbations and mortality increase from ischemic heart disease and other causes. The most at-risk groups include young children, pregnant women, the elderly, people with disabilities and limited mobility, people whose professional activity is associated with outdoor activities, and people with low income [81,85,86,91,106,117,118,120,121,125,131,134,139,[148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155][156]. People living in urban areas of large cities with heavy traffic, where Urban Heat Island (UHI) is developed, can also be attributed to high-risk group [85,128,140,157,158].…”

“…Adaptive shifts in the respiratory system are expressed in an increase in pulmonary ventilation. The adverse effects of cold and cold waves lead to the occurrence and (or) exacerbation of many diseases, primarily of the circulatory system and respiratory organs; children and the elderly are considered to be the most vulnerable groups of the population [59,91,99,105,117,139,[159][160][161][162][163][164][165].…”

“…Nevertheless, it has been repeatedly shown that the effect of cold influence on human health, including extremely cold weather, is often stronger than heat [43,48,68,75,[105][106][107]116,123,[139][140][141]. In a review for southern countries, including South Korea, Thailand, Australia, Brazil, etc., significant damage to health was demonstrated due to cold, rather than heat: additional mortality during cold waves was 7.3% (95%, CI: 7.02-7.49%) compared with heat waves: 0.42% (95%, CI:0,39-0,44%) [68].…”

“…In a review for southern countries, including South Korea, Thailand, Australia, Brazil, etc., significant damage to health was demonstrated due to cold, rather than heat: additional mortality during cold waves was 7.3% (95%, CI: 7.02-7.49%) compared with heat waves: 0.42% (95%, CI:0,39-0,44%) [68]. A study for Illinois, United States, for the period from 2011 to 2018, showed 23,834 cases of hypothermia and 24,233 cases of over-heating; 1,935 deaths as a result of hypothermia and 70 of the influence of high temperatures [139]. The most vulnerable groups of the population were adults in the age cohort over 65 years of age and African-Americanstheir mortality was twice as high.…”

“…The most vulnerable groups of the population were adults in the age cohort over 65 years of age and African-Americanstheir mortality was twice as high. People who sought inpatient care for hypothermia often had much comorbidity, including electrolyte disorders, cardiovascular diseases and kidney failure [139].…”