Clinical outcomes of vertical bone augmentation to enable dental implant placement: a systematic review

Abstract

Background: This review addressed the focused question of what is the predictability of vertical ridge augmentation techniques for patients, who were diagnosed with insufficient alveolar bone volume for the placement of dental implants. Material and Methods: A systematic online review of three main databases was performed between 1966 and 1 November 2007. Four groups of vertical bone augmentation techniques have been identified and evaluated: (1) guided bone regeneration, (2) distraction osteogenesis, (3) onlay bone grafting, and (4) an array of different techniques. Data extraction was based on the following outcomes: (a) success and failure rate of the procedure (vertical bone gain/loss), (b) complication rate of the procedure, and (c) implant survival, success and failure rate. Results: The initial search identified 189 papers from the electronic database. The review produced seven papers for GBR, 13 reporting distraction osteogenesis, five for onlay bone grafting and three describing different techniques. Conclusions: For the concept of vertical ridge augmentation to enable dental implant placement, there are clinical and histological data supporting its potential use. Given the confined number of investigators using these techniques and the low number of patient treatments reported in the literature, the generalizability of this approach is limited at this time.

Atrophy of the residual alveolar ridge following tooth loss in an historical population

“…Also well-rounded ridges with reduced height and ridges with a depressed bone level (stage 5 and 6), which are predominant in posterior segments, do not meet the standard criteria for implantation and require pre-treatmentcomplex surgical procedures, such as the removal of the thin bone structure (Nishimura & Atwood, 1994) or/and alveolar ridge augmentation by bone graft techniques (Ulm et al, 1995;Coulthard et al, 2002;Bodic et al, 2005). Even in the most recent systematic reviews on the subject (Esposito et al, 2006;Aghaloo & Moy, 2007;Rocchietta et al, 2008), there are no indications which frequencies of cases that necessitate bone augmentation procedures a surgeon has to expect. According to the results of the present study, implantologists might figure that up to 75% of elderly patients require some kind of surgical pre-treatment (depending on the region of the jaw Another aspect of clinical relevance is the bone quality of the cortical layer covering the crest of the residual ridge.…”

Implant placement with guided bone regeneration in the maxillary aesthetic zone - A case report with 3 years of follow up

“…The material consists of a fibrillar matrix structure to provide strength for tacking or suturing the membrane if desired. This composition provides excellent handling characteristics when hydrated-thus improving adaptability to various defects [14][15][16].…”

Bone Substitutes

“…This procedure is used to augment bone before or at the time of implant placement to ensure proper implant osteointegration (Rocchietta et al 2008) Onlay bone grafting is achieve by fixing a biomaterial in the shape of a block directly onto the bone surface of the alveolar ridge, and covered with the periosteum and oral mucosa. This procedure requires a biomaterial strong enough to bear direct occlusal forces and allow screw fixation.…”