Clinical Pharmacists’ Involvement in Pharmacogenomics Testing and Related Services in China

Hu, Xiaowen; Jia, Ting; Zhang, Xinyi; Wu, Caiying; Zhang, Yuqing; Chen, Jing; Guan, Xiaodong; Shi, Luwen; Lu, Christine Y.; Nie, Xiaoyan

doi:10.3390/jpm12081267

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The survey contains 38 questions and takes an estimated 10–15 min to complete. The questionnaire has been mentioned in our previously published study [ 21 ]. In this paper, we report findings from the first and third sections (24 questions) of the survey, focusing on the attitude and knowledge of pharmacists.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacists’ Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Pharmacogenomic Testing in China

Nie

Jia

et al. 2022

JPM

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(1) Background: Uptake of pharmacogenomic testing in routine clinical practices is currently slow in China. Pharmacists might play an important role in leveraging care through applying pharmacogenomics, therefore, it is important to better understand clinical pharmacists’ knowledge of and attitudes toward pharmacogenomic testing, which has not been well-studied. (2) Methods: A self-administered survey was developed based on previous knowledge of pharmacogenomic testing and its uptake in China. Participants were recruited through the Committee of Pharmaceutical Affairs Management under the Chinese Hospital Association. (3) Results: A total of 1005 clinical pharmacists completed the questionnaire, among whom 996 (99.10%) had heard of pharmacogenomic testing before participation. More than half of respondents (60.0%, n = 597) rated their knowledge of pharmacogenomic testing as “average”, while 25% rated it “good” or “excellent”. “Guidelines, consensus and treatment paths for disease diagnosis and treatment” (78.7%) were the most preferred sources of information about pharmacogenomic testing. Most respondents (77.0%) believed that pharmacogenomics could “help to improve efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions”. Our participants also believed that patients would benefit most from pharmacogenomic testing through better prediction of individual drug responses and thus informed treatment decisions. The top challenge for the uptake of pharmacogenomic testing was its high cost or lack of insurance coverage (76.7%). (4) Conclusions: Most Chinese clinical pharmacists who participated in our study had a positive attitude toward pharmacogenomic testing, while the knowledge of pharmacogenomic testing was generally self-assessed as average.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Pharmacists’ Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Pharmacogenomic Testing in China

Nie

Jia

et al. 2022

JPM

Self Cite

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“…Similar study in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia showed that only 16% of the students could identify drugs that require PGx testing, but 36% students were willing to use PGx testing before prescribing drug ( 49 ). Surprisingly, a recent survey in China showed that 99.1% of pharmacists participated in the study knew about PGx testing and 59% had been involved in PGx testing related services ( 50 ). Similarly, with increased awareness and support, it is likely that PGx will be widely adopted in clinical practice in India in the future ( 51 ).…”

Section: Educational Activities To Support Pgx Implementation In Qatarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forging the path to precision medicine in Qatar: a public health perspective on pharmacogenomics initiatives

Bastaki,

Velayutham,

Irfan

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is an important component of precision medicine that promises tailored treatment approaches based on an individual’s genetic information. Exploring the initiatives in research that help to integrate PGx test into clinical setting, identifying the potential barriers and challenges as well as planning the future directions, are all important for fruitful PGx implementation in any population. Qatar serves as an exemplar case study for the Middle East, having a small native population compared to a diverse immigrant population, advanced healthcare system, national genome program, and several educational initiatives on PGx and precision medicine. This paper attempts to outline the current state of PGx research and implementation in Qatar within the global context, emphasizing ongoing initiatives and educational efforts. The inclusion of PGx in university curricula and healthcare provider training, alongside precision medicine conferences, showcase Qatar’s commitment to advancing this field. However, challenges persist, including the requirement for population specific implementation strategies, complex genetic data interpretation, lack of standardization, and limited awareness. The review suggests policy development for future directions in continued research investment, conducting clinical trials for the feasibility of PGx implementation, ethical considerations, technological advancements, and global collaborations to overcome these barriers.

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“…Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org doctor school year (Zhang J. et al, 2021). Hu et al also reported that approximately 60% of pharmacists believed they had poor or fair capacity to offer PGx testing and related services (Hu et al, 2022). In Japan, only 12.4% of pharmacists had received specific PGx-related education (Tsuji et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Situation Of Responsible Departments Of Tdm and Pgx Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A national survey of individualized pharmaceutical care practice in Chinese hospitals in 2019

Cai

Zhang²,

Gao³

et al. 2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Individualized pharmaceutical care, which consists of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing and pharmacist-managed clinic (PMC), is one of the most important trends in clinical pharmacy development in the future. While relevant studies in China were primarily single-center or regional. This study aims to explore the current status of individualized pharmaceutical care in China, find out the existing problems and provide references for its further development.Methods: An electronic questionnaire was used and national hospitals’ pharmaceutical administration data from January to December 2019 were collected. The data were sorted into Excel for further statistical analysis. All analyses were descriptive.Results: The proportions of hospitals that performed TDM and PGx testing were 12.83% and 9.48%, respectively. The major responsible departments were the clinical laboratory and pharmacy department. External quality control was carried out in around 70% of hospitals for both TDM and PGx testing. More than half of hospitals provided TDM services for valproate sodium, digoxin, carbamazepine, vancomycin and cyclosporine. And an average of 6.84 drugs were performed TDM in 540 hospitals. Clopidogrel and warfarin were the top two drugs that performed PGx testing. As for the PMC, 10.03% of hospitals opened PMC, of which 60.00% had independent PMC. Approximately 80% of PMC services were free of charge.Conclusion: The development of individualized pharmaceutical care in China is still in the early stage. Different sectors have to coalesce to promote its implementation, including the appropriate education, coverage, reimbursement policies, high-quality evidence, data systems, health system processes and health policies, etc.

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Clinical Pharmacists’ Involvement in Pharmacogenomics Testing and Related Services in China

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Clinical Pharmacists’ Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Pharmacogenomic Testing in China

Clinical Pharmacists’ Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Pharmacogenomic Testing in China

Forging the path to precision medicine in Qatar: a public health perspective on pharmacogenomics initiatives

A national survey of individualized pharmaceutical care practice in Chinese hospitals in 2019

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