Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Administered Buccally and Sublingually

Motwani, Joseph G.; Lipworth, Brian J.

doi:10.2165/00003088-199121020-00001

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The oral cavity has been used for urgent absorption of drugs and/or for preventing intestinal and hepatic chemical destruction (Motwani and Lipworth, 1991;Squier and Johnson, 1975;Squier and Wertz, 1996), Sublingual drugs should have acceptable taste, reasonable saliva solubility and an absorption ability from mucous membranes (Beckett and Triggs, 1967;Beckett and Moffat, 1971). Nifedipine [1,4-dihydropyridine] is a calcium channel blocking agent that reduces the blood pressure (at doses of 20-30 mg) by vascular smooth muscle relaxation and has negative inotropic and chronotropic effects in the heart .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihypertensive role of glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation by nifedipine using as calcium channel blocking agent in hypertension: An experimental study

et al. 2009

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Nifedipine is a therapeutic drug in acute attacks of hypertension because of its rapid absorption from oral mucosa. Taste receptors are innervated by glossopharyngeal nerves (GPN) as well as by facial and vagal nerves. Sensory neurons of the GPNs are localised in the petrous ganglion (PG). Transection of the taste sensitive GPN fibres causes taste bud and PG degeneration and spontaneous hypertension. In this study, the role of chemical stimulation of the taste buds of the GPN by nifedipine and its role in treatment of hypertension were investigated in rabbits. Nifedipine was dropped sublingually (20 mg) for 4 days in the study group, followed by measuring blood pressures again. Then, the lingual branches of GPNs were cut. One month later, blood pressures were measured for 4 days. All animals were sacrificed humanely at the end of the experiment, and normal and degenerated neuron densities in the petrosal ganglions were enumerated stereologically. The antihypertensive effect of nifedipine decreased after GPNs denervation, in accordance with the increase of degenerated neurons in the PG. The chemical stimulation of taste buds of the GPNs by nifedipine may be an important effect of nifedipine application in addition to its calcium channel blocking effect. The rapid decrease in blood pressure following sublingual use of nifedipine may also result from the direct stimulation of taste buds innervated by the GPNs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antihypertensive role of glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation by nifedipine using as calcium channel blocking agent in hypertension: An experimental study

et al. 2009

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“…Faster absorption and higher maximum concentrations were observed following the bite and swallow method when compared with other methods of dosing (94). Therefore, patients should be instructed to bite the capsule and immediately swallow the contents and the gelatin coating when using nifedipine for the treatment of hypertensive crises (96).…”

Section: Calcium-channel Blockersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in pharmacotherapy: Treatment of hypertensive crisis

McKindley

Boucher

1994

J Clin Pharm Ther

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SUMMARYA hypertensive crisis can be caused by many factors. Frequently, the mechanism involved is complex and highly variable among patients. Without drug therapy, this condition is associated with very high mortality and morbidity. There are a number of oral and intravenous hypotensive agents available, which can eff edively control blood pressure in a hypertensive crisis. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each treatment option is discussed.

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“…The oral cavity has been investigated as an alternative route of delivery for therapeutic small molecules and macromolecules having low oral bioavailability due to poor gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, GI instability, and/or susceptibility to first‐pass metabolism 1–3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commentary: Is teaching privately academic freedom?

White

2009

Biochem Molecular Bio Educ

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Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Drugs Administered Buccally and Sublingually

Cited by 32 publications

References 67 publications

Antihypertensive role of glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation by nifedipine using as calcium channel blocking agent in hypertension: An experimental study

Antihypertensive role of glossopharyngeal nerve stimulation by nifedipine using as calcium channel blocking agent in hypertension: An experimental study

Advances in pharmacotherapy: Treatment of hypertensive crisis

Commentary: Is teaching privately academic freedom?

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