Clinical pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin-glycine acetate after intravenous and oral administration in pigs

Abstract

The pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of norfloxacin-glycine acetate (NFLXGA) was investigated in pigs after a single intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) administration at a dosage of 7.2 mg/kg body weight. After both i.v. and p.o. administration, plasma drug concentrations were best fitted to an open two-compartment model with a rapid distribution phase. After i.v. administration of NFLXGA, the distribution (t1/2α) and elimination half-life (t1/2β) were 0.36 ± 0.07 h and 7.42 ± 3.55 h, respectively. The volume of distribution of NFLXGA at steady state (Vdss) was 4.66 ± 1.39 l/kg. After p.o. administration of NFLXGA, the maximal absorption concentration (Cmax) was 0.43 ± 0.06 µg/ml at 1.36 ± 0.39 h (Tmax). The mean absorption (t1/2ka) and elimination half-life (t1/2β) of NFLXGA were 0.78 ± 0.27 h and 7.13 ± 1.41 h, respectively. The mean systemic bioavailability (F) after p.o. administration was 31.10 ± 15.16%. We suggest that the optimal dosage calculated from the pharmacokinetic parameters is 5.01 mg/kg per day i.v. or 16.12 mg/kg per day p.o.

Resistant cutoff values and optimal scheme establishments for florfenicol against Escherichia coli with PK‐PD modeling analysis in pigs

“…These differences had also emerged in the serum and Broncho‐alveolar fluid in the previously published researches (Lei, Liu, Qi, et al., ; Lei, Liu, Yang, Ahmed, et al., ; Lei, Liu, Yang, Yang, et al., ; Lei, Liu, Zhu, et al., ; Torres et al., ). As the target tissue infected by E. coli , the investigation in the target tissue for PD study including MIC detection, killing‐time activities might be more authentic than the previous research only in vitro (LB) (Chang et al., ; Prats et al., ; Xiao et al., ).…”

Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to rabbits

“…However, the disposition of i.v. administered norfloxacin in other species was best described by a two‐compartment model (Anadón, Martinez‐Larrañaga, Velez, Díaz, & Bringas, ; Brown et al., ; Chang et al., ; Park & Yun, ).…”

Comparative pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin nicotinate in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after oral administration

“…The t 1/2 β values were different in different species of animals, and the values of NFX in plasma of common carp and crucian carp were longer than those in poultry and mammals. In poultry, t 1/2 β values were 11.11 h in chicken, 9.07 h in turkey, and 10.65 h in goose (Laczay et al ., ), respectively; in mammals, they were 7.13 h in pig (Chang et al ., ), 5.44 h in horse (Park & Yun, ), and 3.51 h in donkey (Lavy et al ., ), respectively. The observation was consistent with the depletion of melamine and cyanuric acid in fish compared with mammalian data (Stine et al ., ).…”