Clinical pharmacology and the use of articaine for local and regional anaesthesia

Maxillary Posterior Teeth Removal Without Palatal Injection –Truth or Myth: A Dilemma for Oral Surgeons

“…Epinephrine is included in the clinical formulation both to retard absorption of articaine and to prolong the duration of anaesthesia [16,17]. Articaine is increasingly being used in day care surgeries because of faster onset, shorter elimination time, rapid recovery from sensory and motor blockade and minimal effects on cardiovascular parameters [18]. Articaine also possesses antibacterial effects and can inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and many other bacteria [19] and hence, it is extremely useful for certain situations such as: tracheal suctioning and broncho- [20,21].…”

Comparison of Buccal Infiltration of 4% Articaine With 1 : 100,000 and 1 : 200,000 Epinephrine for Extraction of Maxillary Third Molars With Pericoronitis: A Pilot Study

“…Corroborating with our findings, most other studies have suggested that articaine diffuses well through soft and hard tissues. [4][5][6]16,17 In 2 cases from group 2, there were reports of pain during suturing, exactly when the suture needle was crossing palatal mucosa, but as it was just at one single point, no patient required supplementary palatal anesthesia because a palatal anesthetic injection could potentially be more painful than the suture needle crossing at a single point.…”

“…1,2 Studies have suggested that articaine has good diffusion through the hard and soft tissues, eliminating the need for the palatal injection in maxillary third molar extractions. [3][4][5][6] However, the anesthetic effect may be decreased or neutralized because the inflammation and low tissue pH affects tissue diffusion of the anesthetic, making the drug less effective. [7][8][9] Pericoronitis is the most frequent inflammatory pathology associated with third molars and is caused by a combination of factors including trauma and food impaction with subsequent bacterial colonization and infection.…”

Enquête sur l’utilisation des anesthésiques locaux par les chirurgiens dentistes exerçant en Alsace

“…L'articaïne est une des dernières molécules disponibles pour la prise en charge de la douleur dans la pratique odontologique [5] . Son délai d'action rapide et sa puissance (1.5 fois celle de la lidocaïne, 1.9 fois celle de la procaïne) [6,7,5,8] . Sa durée d'action est modérée, ce qui peut éventuellement limiter son bénéfice lors des actes particulièrement longs comme certains traitements endodontiques pour lesquels les molécules anesthésiques de longue durée d'action peuvent se révéler plus pratiques (comme la prilocaïne).…”

“…L'articaïne est considéré comme la molécule anesthésique indiquée pour l'anesthésie de la femme enceinte [6] . Du fait de son métabolisme hépatique et de ses propriétés déprimantes pour le myocarde, elle doit être utilisée avec prudence chez les patients souffrants de pathologies hépatiques ou ceux atteints d'insuffisance cardiaque [8] . Toutefois, elle est considérée comme étant la molecule anesthésique la moins toxique [5,8] .…”