Clinical pharmacology of general anesthetics

Dundee, John W.

doi:10.1002/cpt196781part191

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…At higher concentrations, the peripheral depressant property and the decrease in efferent sympathetic discharge (Millar, Warden, Cooperman & Price, 1970) probably both contribute to the profound hypotension (30 to 40 mmHg) associated with such concentrations. The maintenance of arterial pressure at normal values during diethyl ether anaesthesia in intact animals, in spite of its peripheral depressant properties, is probably to be accounted for by the centrally mediated increase in sympathoadrenal activity (Price, Linde, Jones, Black & Price, 1959;Millar & Biscoe, 1965;1966) which presumably overcomes the peripheral depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At higher concentrations (23.3% end-tidal), although the peripheral action of cyclopropane was depressant (since the pressor responses to sympathetic stimulation were reduced and those to NA were unaffected) and, therefore, might be expected to lead to a reduction in the arterial pressure in the intact animal, the arterial pressure is, in fact, elevated (Figure 3; Eger et al, 1971). The arterial pressure may be elevated at these higher concentrations in the intact animal by the centrally mediated increase in efferent sympathetic discharge (Millar & Biscoe, 1965;1966) which overcomes the peripheral depressant action of the anaesthetic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General anaesthesia is often accompanied by effects on the cardiovascular system which vary with the depth of anaesthesia and the agent used (see reviews by Price, 1960;Dundee, 1966). Arterial pressure is increased by the so called 'sympathomimetic' anaesthetics e.g., cyclopropane (Jones, Guldmann, Linde, Dripps & Price, 1960), is depressed by halothane (Goldberg, 1968) and appears to be relatively unaffected by diethyl ether (Eger, Smith, Cullen, Cullen & Gregory, 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of End‐tidal Concentrations of Cyclopropane, Halothane and Diethyl Ether on Peripheral Autonomic Neuroeffector Systems in the Rat

Clanachan

Muir

1978

British J Pharmacology

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1 The effects of the inhalation anaesthetics, cyclopropane, halothane and diethyl ether were examined on peripheral neuroeffector systems in the pithed and in the conscious rat. 2 In the absence of a suitable means of accurately quantifying doses of inhalation anaesthetics given to small animals, an apparatus was constructed whereby end-tidal gas samples were collected semi-automatically from the mechanically ventilated rat.3 Cyclopropane (15.3 and 29.3% end-tidal), halothane (0.20, 0.52 and 0.83% end-tidal) and diethyl ether (2% and 4% end-tidal) lowered the arterial pressure of the pithed rat. Heart rate was increased by diethyl ether 4%, decreased by halothane and unchanged by cyclopropane.4 While each anaesthetic depressed the pressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, cyclopropane increased and halothane and diethyl ether depressed the pressor responses to exogenous noradrenaline. 5 Each anaesthetic reduced the motor responses of the smooth muscle of the colon to parasympathetic stimulation. 6 The significance of the effects on peripheral neuroeffector systems is discussed in relation to the overall circulatory changes produced by these anaesthetics in the whole animal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of End‐tidal Concentrations of Cyclopropane, Halothane and Diethyl Ether on Peripheral Autonomic Neuroeffector Systems in the Rat

Clanachan

Muir

1978

British J Pharmacology

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“…In the intact animal the circulatory responses produced by different anaesthetics have been studied extensively (Price, 1960;Heymans, 1964;Greisheimer, 1965;Dundee, 1967), but the relative contributions of reflex and local components have not been determined. In the present study the effects of chloralose-urethane and sodium pentobarbitone have been examined in the rabbit from this point of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulatory effects of chloralose‐urethane and sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia in the rabbit

Korner¹,

Uther²,

White³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The effects of chloralose-urethane and sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia on heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output were studied in normal rabbits, in animals given atropine and in animals without functioning autonomic effectors. The findings under anaesthesia were compared during spontaneous and artificial intermittent positive pressure respiration.2. The circulatory effects of chloralose-urethane and sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia differed significantly for the first hour after induction of anaesthesia. During the subsequent 3 hr of maintained anaesthesia differences in the circulatory effects of the two anaesthetics were small.3. The direct local effects of these anaesthetics were assessed during the maintenance phase from the responses of animals without functioning autonomic effectors. With both anaesthetics there was peripheral vasodilatation and minimal effects on heart rate.4. The autonomic activity in the normal animal was assessed by comparing the changes in normal, atropinized and 'de-efferented' rabbits without functioning autonomic effectors. During chloralose-urethane anaesthesia there was reduction in cardiac vagal efferent activity and no change in cardiac sympatho-adrenal activity. With both anaesthetics there was an increase in peripheral sympatho-adrenal constrictor activity, tending to minimize the local vasodilator effects.

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Translocation of Drugs and Other Exogenous Chemicals into Adipose Tissue

Mark¹

1971

Concepts in Biochemical Pharmacology

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Clinical pharmacology of general anesthetics

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Effects of End‐tidal Concentrations of Cyclopropane, Halothane and Diethyl Ether on Peripheral Autonomic Neuroeffector Systems in the Rat

Effects of End‐tidal Concentrations of Cyclopropane, Halothane and Diethyl Ether on Peripheral Autonomic Neuroeffector Systems in the Rat

Circulatory effects of chloralose‐urethane and sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia in the rabbit

Translocation of Drugs and Other Exogenous Chemicals into Adipose Tissue

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