Clinical Potential of Bacteriophage and Endolysin Based Therapeutics: A Futuristic Approach

Gondil, Vijay Singh; Khan, Fazal Mehmood; Mehra, Nancy; Kumar, Deepak; Khullar, Aastha; Sharma, Taruna; Sharma, Abhishek; Mehta, Rahul; Yang, Hang

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1947-2_3

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…One of the most promising methods is endolysin therapy, which uses endolysin to combat bacterial pathogens ( Khan et al, 2021 ). Endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolytic enzymes encoded by bacteriophages that have great potential as a new class of antimicrobial therapeutic agents for multidrug-resistant bacteria ( Gondil et al, 2021a ). Due to the widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance, endolysins have drawn more attention as an alternative therapy.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Endolysins: a new antimicrobial agent against antimicrobial resistance. Strategies and opportunities in overcoming the challenges of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria

Khan,

Rasheed,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are rapidly emerging, and the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii poses a severe threat to humans and healthcare organizations, due to the lack of innovative antibacterial drugs. Endolysins, which are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by a bacteriophage, are a promising new family of antimicrobials. Endolysins have been demonstrated as an effective therapeutic agent against bacterial infections of A. baumannii and many other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Endolysin research has progressed from basic in vitro characterization to sophisticated protein engineering methodologies, including advanced preclinical and clinical testing. Endolysin are therapeutic agent that shows antimicrobial properties against bacterial infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, there are still barriers to their implementation in clinical settings, such as safety concerns with outer membrane permeabilizers (OMP) use, low efficiency against stationary phase bacteria, and stability issues. The application of protein engineering and formulation techniques to improve enzyme stability, as well as combination therapy with other types of antibacterial drugs to optimize their medicinal value, have been reviewed as well. In this review, we summarize the clinical development of endolysin and its challenges and approaches for bringing endolysin therapies to the clinic. This review also discusses the different applications of endolysins.

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Section: Antimicrobial Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Endolysins: a new antimicrobial agent against antimicrobial resistance. Strategies and opportunities in overcoming the challenges of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria

Khan,

Rasheed,

Yang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…However, the future will likely see a co-existence of both strategies, with phage therapy as an additional weapon against the bacteria, possibly used as a combination with antibiotics. 190 , 191 So far, such a combination therapy has tremendously succeeded in treating bacterial pathogens because the bacteria cannot simultaneously develop resistance against antibiotics and phages.…”

Section: A Broader View Of Phage-related Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The applications of animal models in phage therapy: An update

Khan

Manohar

Gondil

et al. 2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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The rapid increase in antibiotic resistance presents a dire situation necessitating the need for alternative therapeutic agents. Among the current alternative therapies, phage therapy (PT) is promising. This review extensively summarizes preclinical PT approaches in various in-vivo models. PT has been evaluated in several recent clinical trials. However, there are still several unanswered concerns due to a lack of appropriate regulation and pharmacokinetic data regarding the application of phages in human therapeutic procedures. In this review, we also presented the current state of PT and considered how animal models can be used to adapt these therapies for humans. The development of realistic solutions to circumvent these constraints is critical for advancing this technology.

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A comprehensive review of the applications of bacteriophage-derived endolysins for foodborne bacterial pathogens and food safety: recent advances, challenges, and future perspective

Khan,

Chen,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Foodborne diseases are caused by food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter, and Clostridium, a critical threat to human health. As a novel antibacterial agent against foodborne pathogens, endolysins are peptidoglycan hydrolases encoded by bacteriophages that lyse bacterial cells by targeting their cell wall, notably in Gram-positive bacteria due to their naturally exposed peptidoglycan layer. These lytic enzymes have gained scientists’ interest in recent years due to their selectivity, mode of action, engineering potential, and lack of resistance mechanisms. The use of endolysins for food safety has undergone significant improvements, which are summarized and discussed in this review. Endolysins can remove bacterial biofilms of foodborne pathogens and their cell wall-binding domain can be employed as a tool for quick detection of foodborne pathogens. We explained the applications of endolysin for eliminating pathogenic bacteria in livestock and various food matrices, as well as the limitations and challenges in use as a dietary supplement. We also highlight the novel techniques of the development of engineering endolysin for targeting Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. In conclusion, endolysin is safe and effective against foodborne pathogens and has no adverse effect on human cells and beneficial microbiota. As a result, endolysin could be employed as a functional bio-preservative agent to improve food stability and safety and maintain the natural taste of food quality.

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Clinical Potential of Bacteriophage and Endolysin Based Therapeutics: A Futuristic Approach

Cited by 3 publications

References 146 publications

Endolysins: a new antimicrobial agent against antimicrobial resistance. Strategies and opportunities in overcoming the challenges of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria

Endolysins: a new antimicrobial agent against antimicrobial resistance. Strategies and opportunities in overcoming the challenges of endolysins against Gram-negative bacteria

The applications of animal models in phage therapy: An update

A comprehensive review of the applications of bacteriophage-derived endolysins for foodborne bacterial pathogens and food safety: recent advances, challenges, and future perspective

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