Clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia in children and adolescents

Grover, Sandeep

doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_556_18

Cited by 28 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Owing to the fluctuating nature and different presentations of the condition, delirium may be difficult to diagnose and is often missed by all healthcare workers [ 5 , 6 ]. older peopleDelirium basically reflects decompensation of cerebral functions, as a result of one or more pathophysiological processes [ 3 ]. Although delirium is encountered in all age groups, older people are considered to be a high-risk group for development of delirium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of delirium in Belgian nursing homes: a cross-sectional evaluation

et al. 2021

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Background Delirium is a common geriatric syndrome, but only few studies have been done in nursing home residents. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (point) prevalence of and risk factors for delirium in nursing homes in Belgium. Methods A multisite, cross-sectional study was conducted in six nursing homes in Belgium. Residents of six nursing homes were screened for delirium. Exclusion criteria were coma,‘end-of-life’ status and residing in a dementia ward. Delirium was assessed using the Delirium Observation Screening Scale. Results 338 of the 448 eligible residents were included in this study. Of the 338 residents who were evaluated, 14.2 % (95 %CI:3.94–4.81) screened positive for delirium with the Delirium Observation Screening Scale. The mean age was 84.7 years and 67.5 % were female. Taking antipsychotics (p = 0.009), having dementia (p = 0.005), pneumonia (p = 0.047) or Parkinson’s disease (p = 0.03) were more present in residents with delirium. The residents were more frequently physically restrained (p = 0.001), participated less in activities (p = 0.04), had had more often a fall incident (p = 0.007), had lower levels of cognition (p < 0.001; MoCA ≥ 26, p = 0.04; MoCA ≥ 25, p = 0.008) and a higher “Activities of Daily Living” score (p = 0.001). In multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, a fall incident (2.76; 95 %CI: 1.24–6.14) and cognitive impairment (OR: 0.69; 95 %CI: 0.63–0.77) were significantly associated with delirium. Conclusions Delirium is an important clinical problem affecting almost 15 % of the nursing home residents at a given moment. Screening of nursing home residents for risk factors and presence of delirium is important to prevent delirium if possible and to treat underlying causes when present.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence of delirium in Belgian nursing homes: a cross-sectional evaluation

et al. 2021

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“…Clinical symptoms according to the actual definition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-5)1 include disturbances in attention, awareness and another cognitive domain. Delirium is characterised as an aetiologically unspecific cerebro-organic syndrome representing a decompensation of cerebral function 2. The duration of delirium varies greatly and the severity ranges from mild to serious conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinesterase alterations in delirium after cardiosurgery: a German monocentric prospective study

et al. 2020

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ObjectivesPostoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after elective cardiac surgery. Recent evidence indicates that a disruption in the normal activity of the cholinergic system may be associated with delirium.DesignProspective observational study.SettingSingle-centre at a European academic hospital.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIn our study the enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined preoperatively as well as on the first and second postoperative day. The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit was used to screen patients for the presence of POD.ResultsA total of 114 patients were included in the study. POD was associated with a decrease in BChE activity on postoperative day 1 (p=0.03). In addition, patients who developed POD, had significantly lower preoperative AChE activity than patients without POD (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified a preoperatively decreased AChE activity (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.14 to 8.46), anticholinergic treatment (OR 5.09; 95% CI 1.51 to 17.23), elevated European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (OR 3.68; 95% CI 1.04 to 12.99) and age (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.06 to 8.62) to be independently associated with the development of POD.ConclusionsWe conclude that a reduction in the acetylcholine hydrolysing enzyme activity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery may correlate with the development of POD.

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“…It is considered as a serious problem in acute care settings and it reflects decompensation of cerebral functions due to the result of one or more underlying pathophysiological processes. 19 The clinical presentation of delirium is variable and it is classified broadly into three subtypes, hypoactive, hyperactive and mixed (based on psychomotor behavior). Patients with hyperactive delirium demonstrate features of restlessness, agitation, hyper vigilance, hallucinations and delusions.…”

Section: Dementia and Deliriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Dementia, delirium & neuropsychiatric conditions in Charaka indriya sthana

Gupta¹,

Mamidi²

2020

PPIJ

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Charaka Samhita is the oldest and most authentic treatise on Ayurveda (an ancient Indian system of medicine). Indriya sthana (prognostic medicine) is one among the eight sections of Charaka samhita and it deals with prognostic aspects. Arishta lakshanas are the signs and symptoms which indicates imminent death. Various psychiatric and neuropsychiatric conditions are mentioned throughout 'Charaka Indriya sthana' in a scattered form. Dementia and delirium are commonly seen at terminal stages or at the end-of-life. As indriya sthana deals with terminal illnesses or end-of-life stages, there is a hypothesis that description of conditions like dementia and delirium may be traceable in 'Charaka indriya sthana'. The present study attempts to screen various references pertaining to psychiatric and neuropsychiatric conditions of 'Charaka Indriya sthana' and explore their rationality, clinical and prognostic significance in present era. Dementia, Delirium and neuropsychiatric conditions of 'Charaka Indriya sthana' have been explored in the present study. 'Dementia' and 'Delirium' are the two most common conditions found through out 'Charaka indriya sthana'. Various references related to other psychiatric and neuropsychiatric conditions like, 'Hallucinations', 'Trichotillomania', 'Bruxism', 'Nail biting', 'Impulse control disorders', 'Major depressive disorder', 'Catatonia' and 'Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia'. The psychiatric/neuropsychiatric conditions mentioned in 'Charaka Indriya sthana' are characterized by poor prognosis, having irreversible underlying pathology, chronic, progressive and debilitating in nature and commonly found in dying patients or at the endof-life stages. It seems that psychiatric conditions mentioned in 'Charaka Indriya sthana' have clinical applicability and prognostic significance in present era also. Further studies are required to substantiate the clinical findings described in 'Charaka Indriya sthana'.

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Clinical practice guidelines for the management of schizophrenia in children and adolescents

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

The prevalence of delirium in Belgian nursing homes: a cross-sectional evaluation

The prevalence of delirium in Belgian nursing homes: a cross-sectional evaluation

Cholinesterase alterations in delirium after cardiosurgery: a German monocentric prospective study

Dementia, delirium & neuropsychiatric conditions in Charaka indriya sthana

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