Clinical Predictors of Malaria, Acute Bacterial Meningitis and Treatment Outcomes among Febrile Children Admitted with Altered Mental Status in Northwestern Tanzania

Jumanne, Shakilu; Meda, John R.; Hokororo, Adolfine; Leshabari, Kelvin

doi:10.1093/tropej/fmx090

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, based on the topography of the Kilombero valley factors like late reporting of the cases, antibiotic mismatch among prescribers and related fever complications in children. The infection of the meninges at this age category has been reported worldwide to be 0.2 to 6.1 cases per 1,000 live births [1,8]. In general, the clinical presentations of bacterial meningitis are not specific, which might not help establish an early diagnosis in infected patients; meanwhile, the commonest bacteria that cause the disease are Gram-negative [10,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neonatal meningitis is one of the most important and dangerous infections and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, despite improved health care services [3,4,5]. In addition, patients infected with bacteria resistant to multiple antimicrobials used for meningitis management are at a high risk of losing life [6,7,8]. The associated clinical signs of bacterial meningitis include apnoea, fever, hypothermia, lethargy, seizures, bulging fontanel, nuchal rigidity, nausea, vomiting, coma, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to unreliable diagnosis, the treatment of acute bacterial meningitis is delayed. As a result, patients suffer from the long term sequelae of the disease [7,8,10]. A study done in Tanzania on bacterial meningitis has reported a prevalence of 18.6% [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and outcome of bacterial meningitis among children of less than 10 years along the Kilombero valley in Morogoro, Tanzania

Madoshi¹,

Sanga²,

Ngarawa³

et al. 2022

rmj

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INTRODUCTION: Bacterial meningitis is among the febrile, lethal and life-threatening diseases in neonates and children under 10 years, especially in low-income countries. The study determined the prevalence and outcome of the disease among neonates, infants and children less than 10 years admitted at St. Francis Referral Hospital.METHODS: A hospital-based study was carried out among 856 children less than ten years, with or without fever for 10 months; clinical and laboratory records were reviewed. Data analysis was done using Chi-square and independent t-test to establish the odds ratio of acquiring the disease.RESULTS: Out of 856 records of children with fever 656 had signs of meningitis, 71 children underwent lumbar puncture where 49.3% and 50.7% were female and male respectively; Aged 0 - 2 years (47.9%), 3 – 5 years (19.7%) and 6 – 10 years (32.4%). 62% of the patients had neurological signs, 56.3% had >45mmol/dl CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) glucose concentration and 85.9% had >50mg/dl of the CSF protein concentration. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitides were mostly isolated from the CSF samples at the hospital. Location (OR) = 3.1; p = 0.0017), parity of the mother (OR = 3.8; p = 0.008), Neurological signs (OR = 4.5; p = 0.001) and elevated CSF protein (OR = 4.5; p = 0.001) were the factors associated with bacterial meningitis infection among children.CONCLUSION: Meningitis is a life-threatening infection in children under 10 years. Thus, microbial isolation should be established in most hospitals to improve early case identification and reporting at health facilities and the national level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and outcome of bacterial meningitis among children of less than 10 years along the Kilombero valley in Morogoro, Tanzania

Madoshi¹,

Sanga²,

Ngarawa³

et al. 2022

rmj

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“…At present, there is palpable evidence to warrant future disaster in Africa. This is because there are still a lot of illnesses affecting under-fives throughout Africa [45][46][47][48]. Most of these illnesses, have long term repercussions, to be evident even at old age [47,48].…”

Section: Hallmarks In the Pattern Of Demographic Transition In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because there are still a lot of illnesses affecting under-fives throughout Africa [45][46][47][48]. Most of these illnesses, have long term repercussions, to be evident even at old age [47,48]. It is therefore a matter of intellectual maturity; for scholars, researchers, policy makers and decision makers in general, to consider effective primary and preventive healthcare strategies.…”

Section: Hallmarks In the Pattern Of Demographic Transition In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Grassroots to Ivory Towers

Leshabari¹

2021

Demographic Analysis - Selected Concepts, Tools, and Applications

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The concept of demographic transition has been evident to European, North American and Japanese population since the early 1960’s. It loosely followed natural patterns that were postulated as far back as 1795. However, scientists and policy makers, still erroneously consider demographic transition to be absent in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this chapter is to uncover the hidden truth behind population censa in sub-Sahara African countries using Statistical tools. The chapter analyses philosophical basis of sub-Saharan Africa demographic dividends from 1960 to 2000. It then cautiously highlights how demographic transition is emerging in sub-Saharan Africa. Specifically, it endeavours to highlight how different African countries are in different stages of demographic transition. The chapter also contrasts some of the prevalent misconceptions about Africans, especially the delusional idea of Africans as a homogenous population group on genetic basis. Lastly, it offers solution, to the current demographic chaos, and their relationship to future matured demographic transition in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period

van Ettekoven,

Liechti,

Brouwer

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceThe impact of vaccination, antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory treatment on pathogen distribution and outcome of bacterial meningitis over the past century is uncertain.ObjectiveTo describe worldwide pathogen distribution and case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis.Data SourcesGoogle Scholar and MEDLINE were searched in January 2022 using the search terms bacterial meningitis and mortality.Study SelectionIncluded studies reported at least 10 patients with bacterial meningitis and survival status. Studies that selected participants by a specific risk factor, had a mean observation period before 1940, or had more than 10% of patients with health care–associated meningitis, tuberculous meningitis, or missing outcome were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisData were extracted by 1 author and verified by a second author. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Random-effects models stratified by age (ie, neonates, children, adults), Human Development Index (ie, low-income or high-income countries), and decade and meta-regression using the study period’s year as an estimator variable were used.Main Outcome and MeasureCase fatality ratios of bacterial meningitis.ResultsThis review included 371 studies performed in 108 countries from January 1, 1935, to December 31, 2019, describing 157 656 episodes. Of the 33 295 episodes for which the patients’ sex was reported, 13 452 (40%) occurred in females. Causative pathogens were reported in 104 598 episodes with Neisseria meningitidis in 26 344 (25%) episodes, Streptococcus pneumoniae in 26 035 (25%) episodes, Haemophilus influenzae in 22 722 (22%), other bacteria in 19 161 (18%) episodes, and unidentified pathogen in 10 336 (10%) episodes. The overall case fatality ratio was 18% (95% CI, 16%-19%), decreasing from 32% (95% CI, 24%-40%) before 1961 to 15% (95% CI, 12%-19%) after 2010. It was highest in meningitis caused by Listeria monocytogenes at 27% (95% CI, 24%-31%) and pneumococci at 24% (95% CI, 22%-26%), compared with meningitis caused by meningococci at 9% (95% CI, 8%-10%) or H influenzae at 11% (95% CI, 10%-13%). Meta-regression showed decreasing case fatality ratios overall and stratified by S pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, or Streptococcus agalactiae (P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this meta-analysis with meta-regression, declining case fatality ratios of community-acquired bacterial meningitis throughout the last century were observed, but a high burden of disease remained.

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Clinical Predictors of Malaria, Acute Bacterial Meningitis and Treatment Outcomes among Febrile Children Admitted with Altered Mental Status in Northwestern Tanzania

Abstract: Children with febrile encephalopathy are more likely to have malaria than ABM if they have severe anemia.

Cited by 7 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence and outcome of bacterial meningitis among children of less than 10 years along the Kilombero valley in Morogoro, Tanzania

Prevalence and outcome of bacterial meningitis among children of less than 10 years along the Kilombero valley in Morogoro, Tanzania

Demographic Transition in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Grassroots to Ivory Towers

Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period

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